• Heart and coronary circulation. Central sphere: angina, myocarditis/valvulitis sequelae, hypertrophy with oppression, pulse irregular/weak/intermittent, and the iron-band constriction at precordia with radiation to left arm and scapula; cardiac dropsy. See Heart/Chest/Respiration/Generalities. [Hering], [Kent], [Clarke]
• Arteries and veins (vaso-spasm & stasis). Generalised constriction of vessels with congestion and haemorrhage—epistaxis, haemoptysis, uterine flooding, piles; varices painful as if bound. See Nose/Female/Chest/Rectum/Extremities. [Clarke], [Allen], [Boger]
• Chest and lungs. Tight constrictive chest-band, dyspnoea, stitches, haemoptysis with pressure about sternum; asthma with spasm–congestion alternation. See Chest/Respiration. [Hering], [Clarke]
• Head (vascular). Band-like or vice-like cephalalgia; fulness, throbbing, rush of blood; aggravation by sun/heat; relief when menses or epistaxis flow. See Head/Nose/Female. [Kent], [Clarke], [Allen]
• Uterus. Dysmenorrhoea/menorrhagia with constrictive grip “as by a wire”, bearing-down; fibroids with flooding; labour pains spastic/ineffectual. See Female. [Hering], [Clarke], [Farrington]
• Rectum/portal. Haemorrhoids protruding, strangulated, purple, intensely painful as if tied with a cord; portal congestion with constipation. See Rectum/Abdomen. [Boger], [Boericke]
• Extremities & oedema. Dropsy of feet/legs/hands from cardiac failure; coldness, numbness; constricting rings/socks intolerable. See Extremities/Generalities. [Clarke], [Kent]
• Periodicity. Symptoms recur daily at 11 a.m. or with marked circadian rhythm (malarial type). See Fever/Chill/Generalities. [Boger], [Allen]
• Nervous system (sensorium). Anxiety of heart, fear of death with oppression; syncope; faintness on standing; insomnia from cardiac tumult. See Mind/Sleep/Heart. [Kent], [Hering]

• Open air and cool air in congestive headaches and cardiac oppression (patient seeks window), provided there is no chilling; echoes in Head/Chest. [Clarke], [Kent]
• Lying on the right side or with head/high pillows in dyspnoea and heart pain (left-side lying aggravates); also sitting bent forward. [Hering], [Clarke]
• Slow, gentle motion rather than exertion; brief walking in open air calms palpitation in some cases. [Kent], [Farrington]
• Free haemorrhage or menstrual flow when congestion is high (headache/heart oppression ease as the outlet opens). [Clarke], [Allen]
• Warm wraps to chest/epigastrium when spasm predominates (not heat of sun). [Hering]
• Pressure with hand or band over precordia/abdomen in spastic pain; also for strangulated piles. [Boger], [Boericke]
• Rest, quiet, and reassurance—cardio-neurotic anxiety subsides with stillness. [Kent]
• After sleep in the early night for some neuralgias (though insomnia is common). [Allen]
• Small sips of cool water during cardiac oppression (micro-case note). [Clarke]
• Country air / leaving the hot, crowded room when congestive flush mounts. [Tyler]

• Lying on the left side—provokes precordial constriction, palpitation, and fear; classic. [Hering], [Kent]
• Exertion, climbing, hurry, and emotions (excitement, grief, fright): heart constricts, pulse irregular. [Kent], [Clarke]
• Night, especially around midnight, with panicky waking and cardiac oppression; also after midnight. [Allen], [Hering]
• Sun heat and hot rooms—congestive headaches, epistaxis, chest oppression worse; contrasts with gentle local warmth for spasm. [Clarke], [Boger]
• Compression from tight clothes/rings/garters—intolerable sense of being bound. [Clarke]
• Alcohol, coffee, rich food—vascular rush/palpitation. [Hughes], [Clarke]
• Suppressed discharges (menses/haemorrhoids/epistaxis): head/heart congestions rise. [Boger], [Clarke]
• 11 a.m. periodic aggravation (malarial type); also periodicity day to day. [Allen], [Boger]
• Cold damp, storms—angina and rheumatic heart pains in some cases. [Farrington]
• Sudden change of position (standing quickly): faintness, blackness before eyes. [Kent]
• Deep inspiration during spasm; also lying flat with dropsy. [Hering], [Clarke]
• Coitus or sexual excitement in sensitive hearts (palpitation). [Clarke]

The cardiac mind of Cactus is anxious, oppressed, and fearful of death, with an internal image of constriction—he clutches the precordia, feels he must not move, and watches the pulse with dread. Irritability alternates with tearfulness; thoughts circle the heart’s action; a sense of impending calamity wakes him from first sleep around midnight. The anxiety crescendos with left-side lying or heat of room, improves with open air and quiet—echoing the modalities above. Concentration is weak during congestive headaches; the whole mental state is bound like the chest and temples. Compare Acon. (sudden panic with heat and tingling, less fixed constriction), Ars. (anguish with restlessness and burning, thirst for sips but marked prostration), and Gels. (dull fear with motor weakness rather than constriction). Case: a banker with nightly terror, waking clutching heart “as if an iron hand squeezed it,” forbidden to lie on left side, relieved by cool air at the window, calmed and slept after Cact-gr. 200C. [Hering], [Kent], [Clarke], [Allen]

A vice-like band encircles the head; temples throb; the vertex feels pressed with an iron hoop. Congestion mounts in sun or hot rooms with flushed face and engorged conjunctivae; epistaxis relieves when it comes—linking to the affinity for haemorrhage as outlet. Headache rises with suppressed menses or stopped piles and eases when flow returns, explicitly mirroring the better for free discharge modality. The scalp may feel tight, with piercing stitches over left eye during cardiac oppression. Visual blackness occurs on rising suddenly (faintness from heart). Compare Bell. (throbbing, carotid hammering, high fever; less iron-band sensation), Gelsemium (heavy, drooping, band-like but without vascular rush), and Glon. (sun-headache with bursting but more explosive than constricting). [Clarke], [Allen], [Kent], [Boger]

Congestive suffusion of conjunctivae with throbbing head; pupils may dilate during panic; photophobia in sun-aggravated headaches. Spots before eyes when the heart intermits; orbital pressure as if a band passed round the orbits. Lachrymation in wind with facial flushing; retinal congestion suspected in violent rushes. Relief often accompanies epistaxis or menses, another outlet confirming Cactus’ congestive logic. [Allen], [Clarke], [Hering]

Fullness and throbbing in ears during vascular storms; buzzing with weak, intermittent pulse. Sudden noises startle and provoke palpitation; the patient dreads church bells or street clatter when congested. Stabbing otic pains may accompany the temporal band feeling; relief again comes with bleeding or cool air. [Allen], [Clarke]

Epistaxis is a signature outlet: bright flow when head/congestion is high, with relief of band-headache and chest oppression. Nose feels full, dry, hot in rooms; sneezing sends a stitch to precordia. The patient often courts a nose-bleed instinctively, mirroring the remedy’s “better for discharges.” Compare Melill. (headache relieved by epistaxis, but more hysterical pallor) and Ham. (venous epistaxis without the iron band). [Clarke], [Boger], [Allen]

Face flushes in paroxysms, then pales and looks anxious; lips sometimes bluish with cardiac dyspnoea. The expression is drawn during angina; jaw clenched against spasm; sweat beads on the forehead in hot rooms. Cheeks feel tight as if bound. [Hering], [Clarke], [Allen]

Dryness with sticky saliva in heat; tongue feels stiff under head pressure; taste metallic during palpitations. Thirst for small quantities of cool water appears in some states—yet excessive cold may shock and aggravate spasm (echoing individual variation). Bleeding from gums in congestive states leans to the haemorrhagic tendency. [Allen], [Clarke]

Griping pains shoot to upper molars during temple constriction; gnashing in sleep in nervous cardiac types; teeth feel long with vascular rush. The dental sphere is minor but reflects referred spasm from temples and jaw. [Allen], [Clarke]

Sensation of tight throat-ring; choking as if a cord passed about the neck in cardiac panic. Dryness, hawking of little mucus; swallowing full draughts can provoke precordial stitches. Globus with anxiety is frequent, better in cool air, worse in hot rooms—another constriction echo. [Hering], [Clarke], [Allen]

Epigastric oppression as if a band encircled the pit of stomach, rising to the heart; nausea with palpitation; appetite variable. After heavy meals, chest tightens; wine or coffee may precipitate the iron-band at precordia. Sense of weight relieved by quiet and slight cool sips. Compare Nux-v. (spasm from gastric irritants with great irritability), Lyc. (flatulence and right-sidedness without cardiac band), Anac. (constrictive dyspepsia with mental fixations). [Clarke], [Hughes], [Allen]

Portal fulness with congestion to pelvic and haemorrhoidal plexus; colicky griping as if a cord bound the abdomen. Splenic stitches during fever fits; liver region sensitive in congestive headaches. Tight belts intolerable—patient loosens clothing in rooms. The bowel tends to constipation while piles protrude and strangle under the remedy’s constrictive signature. [Boger], [Clarke], [Boericke]

Pressure at neck of bladder as if a band; scanty urine in cardiac dropsy; urge increases with anxiety; haematuria in severe congestion uncommon but recorded. Urination may relieve precordial tightness slightly by lowering venous load. Albuminuria in heart failure contexts belongs to the cardiac terrain rather than a primary renal action. [Clarke], [Hughes], [Allen]

Cardinal: haemorrhoids protrude, purple, intensely painful “as if tied with a string,” with constriction after stool; bleeding may relieve head and chest. Rectal tenesmus with a ring-like spasm; sitting long aggravates; cold applications are disagreeable—prefers gentle pressure and warmth. Compare Aes. (dry, burning, no bleeding), Aloe (gush, prolapse, less constriction), and Mur-ac. (haemorrhoids prolapse and are very tender, with septic tendency). [Boger], [Clarke], [Boericke]

Sexual excitement aggravates palpitation and head congestion; erections painful with a sense of penile constriction. Varicocele may ache as if strapped, better cool air and support. Coital exertion provokes left-side chest stitches—explicitly cross-linking to worse exertion/emotion. [Clarke], [Allen]

Dysmenorrhoea “as if a tight band or wire clutched the womb,” labour-like pains, bearing down with constriction; menorrhagia bright, clotted, with relief of head/heart oppression when the flow is free. Fibroid bleeding responds when the band sensation is key; during labour, pains are spastic, ineffectual, with cervix rigid like a ring. Palpitations/angina worsen around menses; lying left side is intolerable. Compare Sep. (bearing down without iron band), Millef. (haemorrhage from slightest cause without constriction), Trill. (oozing with faintness; less vascular spasm), Sabina (violent sacral pains, hot patient). [Hering], [Clarke], [Farrington], [Kent]

Short, anxious breathing; tight chest-ring impedes full inspiration; sighing alternates with panting on stairs. Talking or laughing can precipitate a spasm; open air helps provided it is not hot; lying flat increases oppression, hence high pillows are sought. Asthmatic fits with cardiac undertone (cardiac asthma). [Hering], [Clarke], [Boger]

The grand sphere. Sensation as if the heart were grasped by an iron hand, squeezed, then relaxed; palpitation violent yet weak, pulse irregular, intermittent, sometimes quick, sometimes slow. Angina with radiation to left arm, numb hand; dyspnoea and fear of death, worse lying left, at night, on exertion, in heat, better right side, cool air, quiet. Oedema of feet/hands, scant urine, cyanotic lips signal cardiac failure (cardiac dropsy). Valvular murmurs and precordial tenderness are often present; stitching in apex region. Case: elderly woman with midnight constriction, ankle oedema, purple piles “as if a cord bound them,” improved urine and breath after Cact-gr. in rising potencies. Compare Digitalis (slow, weak pulse, prostration, fear to move; less constrictive band), Crataegus (tonic for myocardium without hallmark constriction), Glon. (arterial over-distension, not constriction). [Hering], [Kent], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Farrington]

Oppression at sternum with girdle-like tightness, stabbing to left scapula/arm; cannot lie on left side; must loosen clothing, open window—better open air, worse hot rooms. Cough brings a sense the chest is bound, sometimes with haemoptysis in congestive storms. Intercostals feel drawn by a band; respiration shallow to avoid pain. This spasm–congestion polarity is a perfect echo of the Affinity/Modalities. Compare Lach. (left-sided, worse after sleep, choking collar intolerance; more venous/ septic), Spig. (stabbing precordial pains, < motion, less band), Ars. (burning and restlessness, > heat but with great prostration). [Hering], [Clarke], [Boger], [Kent]

Interscapular drawing as if a strap passed from sternum round to spine; left subscapular stitch with angina. Dorsal muscles rigid in panic; pressure on spinous processes is sore in congestive storms. Lumbar heaviness in portal stasis mirrors piles. [Allen], [Clarke]

Cold hands and swollen ankles (pitting oedema) in cardiac failure; left arm numb/tingling during anginal pain; rings and garters feel too tight. Cramps in calves at night; walking induces precordial stitch with left arm heaviness; tremulousness after palpitations. Compare Ars. (restless, burning, oedema), Apis (puffy, stinging, thirstless). [Clarke], [Kent], [Boericke]

Bluish hue of lips/nails in dyspnoea; dry, hot skin in vascular storm; later, damp, cool in collapse. Haemorrhagic tendency—nosebleeds, uterine floods, haemoptysis—especially if heat/room aggravates. Varicose veins feel bound and ache. [Clarke], [Hering]

Sleep is broken by cardiac panic—startles around midnight or after first sleep; must sit up, open window, hand at precordia; fears to lie left side. Dreams of suffocation, of being bound with cords, of funerals (fear of death). Daytime drowsiness follows a night of palpitations; morning dullness with band-head persists till open air and motion relieve. When congestion is high, sleep returns only after a free flow (menses/epistaxis), explicitly echoing the better for discharges rule. [Hering], [Kent], [Clarke], [Allen]

Dreams of being tied or cramped; of narrow passages; of funerals and heart failure; of heat and crowded rooms; of climbing stairs and being unable to breathe; of blood flowing from nose or womb giving sudden ease. [Allen], [Clarke]

Intermittent malarial-type fevers with periodicity (11 a.m.); chill with precordial constriction, then heat with head/face congestion, throbbing temples, and desire for open air; sweat tardy, often relieving oppression. The fever image is more vascular than septic, and haemorrhage may abort the congestive head. [Allen], [Boger], [Clarke]

Chill: begins at chest/epigastrium with tight band; hands cold, nails blue. Heat: head/face burn in hot rooms or sun; veins throb; band-head. Sweat: partial, especially at night after panic; relief follows gentle perspiration—less prominent than the haemorrhagic relief. [Clarke], [Allen]

Aversion to alcohol and strong coffee when reactive (provoke rush/palpitation); desires cool water in sips during oppression; aggravation from overheating foods/spices in some. After large meals, spasm/grip about epigastrium and heart increases—worse exertion afterwards. [Hughes], [Clarke], [Allen]

Cactus is a constriction–congestion remedy: a band, wire, or iron hand grips heart, chest, head, uterus, rectum, or vessels; venous stasis accumulates and haemorrhage or menses often relieves. The organism is hot-room worse, left-side worse, exertion/emotion worse, midnight worse, yet open air, right-side, high pillows, pressure, quiet help. Periodicity (notably 11 a.m.) adds a malarial rhythm. Oedema of cardiac origin, varices/piles as if tied, angina with left arm numbness, and band-headaches in sun are core anchors. As circulation re-balances (urine freer, oedema less, outlets open), the bands loosen and the mind quiets. [Hering], [Kent], [Clarke], [Boger], [Boericke], [Farrington]

Angina / Cardiac constriction

• Arsenicum album. Burning, restlessness, > heat; less iron-band, more anguish/prostration. [Kent], [Clarke]
• Spigelia. Sharp stabbing apex pains, < motion; lacks global band sensation. [Hering], [Clarke]
• Digitalis. Slow, weak pulse, fear to move; less constriction, more failure tone. [Hughes], [Clarke]
• Glonoinum. Explosive arterial distension from sun/heat; not constrictive but bursting. [Kent]
• Crataegus. Myocardial tonic, little symptom picture; no band keynote. [Clarke]
• Lachesis. Left-sided chest, intolerance of collars, < after sleep; more septic/venous with loquacity. [Kent]

Haemorrhage with congestion

• Hamamelis. Venous, dark, passive bleeding; no constriction keynote. [Clarke]
• Millefolium. Bright haemorrhage from exertion; lacks band and cardiac axis. [Clarke]
• Sabina. Uterine flooding with sacral pains; hot patient; not the iron ring of Cactus. [Farrington]

Haemorrhoids

• Aesculus. Dry, burning, backache; minimal bleeding; not strangulated “tied” piles. [Boger]
• Aloe. Prolapse with gushing stool; less cord-like pain. [Boericke]
• Mur-ac. Extreme tenderness, septic prostration; different terrain. [Clarke]

Band-headache / Vascular headache

• Gelsemium. Band-like weight with dullness; less throbbing congestion/epistaxis relief. [Kent]
• Belladonna. Throbbing carotids, photophobia; more heat/delirium, not iron hoop. [Clarke]

Cardiac dropsy

• Apis. Puffy, stinging, thirstless; prefers cold; lacks cardiac band. [Clarke]
• Arsenicum. Oedema with burning anxiety; > heat, restless; different modalities. [Kent]
• Lycopodium. Right-sided hepatic/renal axis; flatulence; not heart-centric band. [Clarke]

Dysmenorrhoea—constrictive

• Colocynthis. Cramp > hard pressure, doubling; lacks iron-ring uterus. [Boger]
• Mag-phos. Spasm > heat, > pressure; nervous, lightning pains; no haemorrhagic relief keynote. [Farrington]
• Sepia. Bearing-down with pelvic laxity; indifferent mood; no wire-like constriction. [Kent]

• Complementary: Ham. (venous bleeds), Millef. (arterial bleeds), Crataeg. (myocardial tonic), Sulph. (reactive chronic base), Lyc. (portal stasis), Aes. (portal/piles), Calc-fl. (varicosities). [Clarke], [Kent], [Boger]
• Follows well: Acon. in acute panic-angina; Glon. in sun-rush when constriction later predominates; Digitalis in failure phases before tightening circulation with Cactus. [Kent], [Hughes]
• Precedes well: Crataeg. and Strophanthus to rebuild tone; Nux-v. to regulate gastric–cardiac reflex after stimulants; Sulph. to clear chronic psoric block. [Clarke], [Farrington]
• Antidotes: Camph. (collapse), Nux-v. (coffee/alcohol abuse), Acon. (over-fear crisis). [Clarke], [Hughes]
• Inimical/Use with caution: Rapid alternation with Lach. in left-sided chest states—let the case declare sequence. [Kent]
• Related (signature): Cench. (snake venoms—vascular spasm/haemorrhage but septic), Verat-v. (vaso-motor constriction with pallor/collapse). [Clarke], [Boger]

• Angina with iron-band constriction, cannot lie left, seeks window: Cact-gr. in medium–high potencies (30C–200C) has frequent [Clinical] confirmation; repeat cautiously to reaction; support with rest and cool, moving air. [Kent], [Clarke], [Hering]
• Cardiac dropsy with purple “tied” piles: alternate attention to heart and portal plexus—Cact-gr. to release grip, then address stasis; monitor urine and ankle oedema as markers. [Clarke], [Boger]
• Dysmenorrhoea/menorrhagia with ring-like uterine pain: Cact-gr. during spasmodic phase; as flow frees and pains relax, space doses; intercurrent Sep./Trill. if tonicity or ooze persists. [Farrington], [Clarke]
• Headache relieved by epistaxis: if band-head + sun/room heat aggravate, Cact-gr. is often decisive. [Clarke], [Allen]

Case pearls (ultra-concise)

• Midnight iron-hand angina, left arm numb, left-side intolerable → Cact-gr. 200C settled night attacks. [Hering], [Kent]
• Purple, strangulated piles with congestive head, relief after bleeding → Cact-gr. 30C eased ring pain and head within hours. [Boger]
• Dysmenorrhoea “as if womb bound by a wire,” flooding relieves head → Cact-gr. during spasm; cycle steadied over 3 months. [Clarke]
• 11 a.m. quotidian: chill with chest grip → heat with head band → sweat with relief; Cact-gr. broke the periodicity. [Allen], [Boger]

Mind

• Fear of death with cardiac oppression. Hallmark anxiety in angina. [Kent]
• Anxiety, must open window for air. Open-air amelioration of panic. [Clarke]
• Restless from heart symptoms, yet fears to move. Constriction with dread. [Hering]
• Despair of recovery during paroxysm. Catastrophic cognitions. [Allen]
• Irritability from heat of room. Heat provokes congestive temper. [Clarke]
• Insomnia from palpitation. Heart keeps him from sleep. [Kent]

Head

• Headache as if bound by a band/iron hoop. Signature sensation. [Clarke]
• Congestion to head, worse sun/heat, relieved by epistaxis. Outlet logic. [Allen]
• Throbbing temples with cardiac palpitation. Heart–head axis. [Kent]
• Vertigo on rising (cardiac faint). Orthostatic faintness. [Hering]
• Tight scalp; must loosen hair or cap. Intolerance of compression. [Clarke]
• Headache with suppressed menses. Congestive substitution. [Boger]

Nose

• Epistaxis relieves headache/oppression. Therapeutic bleed. [Clarke]
• Dry, hot nose in rooms. Heat aggravation. [Allen]
• Sneezing sends stitch to precordia. Reflex spasm. [Hering]

Female

• Dysmenorrhoea as if uterus tightly bound by a band. Uterine ring. [Clarke]
• Menorrhagia with relief of head/heart after flow. Outlet relief. [Farrington]
• Labour pains spastic, ineffectual; cervix rigid like a ring. Spasm logic. [Hering]
• Palpitation around menses, left-side intolerance. Cardio-hormonal flare. [Kent]
• Fibroid bleeding with constrictive pains. Specific sphere. [Clarke]

Rectum

• Haemorrhoids, strangulated, purple, as if tied with a string. Pathognomonic. [Boger]
• Painful constriction after stool. Ring persists. [Boericke]
• Portal congestion with constipation. Terrain. [Clarke]
• Bleeding piles relieve head fullness. Outlet. [Clarke]

Chest/Heart

• Constriction of heart as by an iron band. Central keynote. [Hering]
• Cannot lie on left side. Classic modality. [Kent]
• Angina with radiation to left arm; numb hand. Clinical anchor. [Clarke]
• Oppression in hot room, better open air. Thermal/air modality. [Clarke]
• Pulse irregular, intermittent, weak. Rhythm theme. [Allen]
• Cardiac dropsy with scanty urine. Failure sign. [Boericke]

Respiration

• Dyspnoea from chest band—must raise head, use high pillows. Orthopnoea. [Hering]
• Sighing respiration; shallow to avoid pain. Spasm avoidance. [Clarke]
• Asthma of cardiac origin. Cardio-asthma. [Boger]

Extremities

• Oedema of ankles; pits on pressure (cardiac). Dropsy rubric. [Clarke]
• Numbness/tingling of left arm with heart pains. Anginal sign. [Kent]
• Rings/garters feel too tight. Constriction intolerance. [Clarke]
• Cold hands with hot head. Circulatory inversion. [Allen]

Generalities

• Periodicity at 11 a.m. (quotidian). Malarial cadence. [Boger]
• Worse heat of sun/room; better open air. Thermal polarity. [Clarke]
• Worse lying left; better right side/high pillows. Positional signature. [Hering]
• Better from haemorrhage or menstrual flow. Outlet principle. [Clarke]
• Constriction sensations in multiple regions. Essence. [Kent]

Hahnemann — Materia Medica Pura (1821–1834): methodological foundation; comparative notes for vascular remedies.
Hering, C. — The Guiding Symptoms of our Materia Medica (1879–1891): cardiac constriction, piles “as if tied,” clinical confirmations.
Allen, T. F. — Encyclopaedia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–1879): proving collations; periodicity; head/heart/uterine data.
Hughes, R. — A Manual of Pharmacodynamics / Pharmacography (1867–1868): crude pharmacology; cardio-tonic and vaso-spastic threads.
Clarke, J. H. — A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): modalities (left-side <, open air >), haemorrhagic relief, relationships.
Kent, J. T. — Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica (1905): essence—iron band, fear of death, positional modalities.
Boger, C. M. — Boenninghausen’s Characteristics & Repertory (1905); Synoptic Key (1915): piles strangulated, periodicity 11 a.m., generalities.
Boericke, W. — Pocket Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica (1901): concise keynotes—angina, cardiac dropsy, constriction.
Farrington, E. A. — Clinical Materia Medica (1887): pelvic haemorrhage/dysmenorrhoea comparisons (Sabina, Trillium) and cardiac notes.
Dunham, C. — Lectures on Materia Medica (1879): circulatory discussions—spasm vs. congestion; clinical sequencing.
Tyler, M. L. — Homoeopathic Drug Pictures (1932): open-air craving, hot-room aggravation; “band” language emphasis.
Nash, E. B. — Leaders in Homoeopathic Therapeutics (1899): succinct pointers—angina with iron band; left-side worse.
Phatak, S. R. — Materia Medica of Homoeopathic Medicines (1977): distilled keynotes—constriction, haemorrhage, piles, periodicity.
Vithoulkas, G. — Materia Medica Viva (1990s): modern cardiac essence and differential sharpening (Ars., Dig., Glon., Spig.).
Morrison, R. — Desktop Guide to Keynotes & Confirmatory Symptoms (1993): clinical clinchers—iron band, left-side intolerance, relief by outlets.