Vipera

Prepared from the venom of the European adder by trituration and potentisation. Viperid venom is chiefly haemorrhagic–necrotic, rich in proteases and hyaluronidase, producing capillary damage, extravasation, oedema, and cellulitis, with a peculiar venous engorgement and dusky lividity of the affected parts [Hughes], [Allen], [Clarke]. Clinical observation of bites and low-dose exposure provided the guiding image: congested, bluish, bursting veins, phlebitis/thrombophlebitis, varicosities and varicose ulcers, and septic cellulitis along venous tracts; the characteristic imperative is that the limb must be kept elevated, else it throbs and feels as though it will burst [Hering], [Boericke], [Boger], [Farrington]. [Toxicology] [Clinical]

No large Hahnemannian proving; the pathogenesis rests on toxicologic effects and abundant clinical confirmations. Recurrent threads: violent, bursting pains in congested limbs; dusky–blue swelling of veins; thrombophlebitis and cellulitis; varicose ulcers with dark, slowly-coagulating oozing; heat and dependency aggravate; elevation, cool air, and elastic, even pressure ameliorate [Hering], [Allen], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger], [Farrington]. [Proving] [Toxicology] [Clinical]

Vip. is the embodiment of venous physics at the bedside. Its essence is a mechanical imperative felt subjectively as bursting and seen objectively as dusky, oedematous, throbbing veins that cannot tolerate dependency. The entire portrait coheres around this law: let the part hang, and suffering surges; raise it and bind it evenly, and relief is immediate. This holds for the calf with varices, the thigh with thrombophlebitis, the pelvis after labour, the ano-rectal plexus in piles, and the vulvar veins in pregnancy—one grammar across many dialects [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]. Thermal sensitivity aligns: heat in bed, bath, or room worsens the venous storm; cool air and non-occlusive measures soothe. Fluids follow suit: dark, slowly-coagulating oozings stain dressings; ulcers are rimmed by oedema; cellulitis is tense and dusky with a risk of slough—pathophysiology that tracks with viperid venom’s endothelial injury and proteolysis [Hughes], [Allen]. Mentally, the patient is guarded and practical, arranging pillows and bandages, not from fad but from repeated learning that arrangement governs pain. The differential is sharpened by insisting on this central law: if elevation is helpful but not compulsory, think Pulsatilla; if the state is passively bruised with bleeding but no explosive throbbing on hanging, think Hamamelis; if ulcers are chronic, destructive, and burning without the acute bursting agony, Fluoric acid; if sepsis, talkativeness, after-sleep <, left-sidedness mark the case, Lachesis. Practical management is half the cure and also the test of truth: strict recumbency, elevate above heart level, graduated compression (even, not strangling), cool the room, light diet without alcohol, non-occlusive dressings, and stool regularity to protect pelvic veins. When these measures are married to Vip., the colour warms from livid to natural, throbs recoil, head clears, sleep deepens, and the patient walks again without fear—an orderly retreat along the very path the disease arrived.

• Veins and venules (primary field): Phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, post-thrombotic congestion, with bursting pain and cyanotic swelling that demand elevation; slightest pendency renews throbbing. Cross-ref. Extremities, Generalities. [Hering], [Clarke], [Boger]
• Lower limbs: Varicose veins of calves/thighs; cellulitis along inflamed veins; varicose eczema and ulcers with dark oozing and oedematous margins. Cross-ref. Skin, Fever. [Boericke], [Farrington]
• Pelvic venous bed: Post-partum and post-operative venous inflammation; pelvic congestion with dragging and bursting on standing; haemorrhoids dusky, painful, congested. Cross-ref. Female, Rectum. [Clarke], [Dewey]
• Haemorrhagic diathesis: Easy ecchymoses, dark, non-coagulant bleeding from congested ulcers or traumatism in venous subjects. Cross-ref. Skin, Generalities. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Septic–cellulitic tendency: Hot, tense, dusky skin over venous tracks; danger of suppuration and slough; compares with Tarent-c. Cross-ref. Skin, Fever. [Boger], [Boericke]
• Right heart/respiratory load (secondary): Oppression and cyanosis when peripheral stasis is marked, improving as the limb is elevated and congestion drains. Cross-ref. Chest, Generalities. [Hughes], [Clarke]
• Male generative veins: Varicocele with bursting aching on dependence; better support and recumbency. Cross-ref. Male, Extremities. [Clarke]
• Portal–ano-rectal plexus: Congestive piles with dark oozing, standing aggravates, cold ablutions and recumbency relieve. Cross-ref. Rectum, Generalities. [Boericke], [Boger]
• Nerve–pain axis: Tearing, drawing, throbbing along inflamed venous cords; jar and touch aggravate; even compression steadies. Cross-ref. Back, Extremities. [Hering], [Boger]
• Post-traumatic venous injury: After labour, surgery, or contusion of veins—vein-hot, tender, dusky; dependency intolerable. Cross-ref. Generalities, Extremities. [Dewey], [Clarke]
• Cutaneous trophics over varices: Thin, shiny, oedematous skin that breaks into ulcers; heat <, cool non-occlusive dressings >. Cross-ref. Skin. [Boericke], [Clarke]
• Haemorrhoids and vulvar varices (pregnancy): Bursting pelvic pains, standing impossible; relief from support and elevation. Cross-ref. Female, Rectum. [Dewey], [Clarke]

The Vip. subject is practical, anxious, and protective of the congested limb: there is a persistent fear that standing or letting it hang will make the veins burst, and a strong impulse to elevate and bind the part at the slightest warning throb [Clarke], [Hering]. Irritability grows in stuffy heat, to which these patients are peculiarly averse; the mood softens at once in cool air, mirroring the general modality. The watchfulness is not theatrical; it is the vigilance of one who has repeatedly learned that pendency brings agony and elevation brings peace. Sleep becomes preoccupied by arrangements of pillows; a dozing anxiety persists lest the limb slip down, echoing the night aggravation if support fails. There may be despondency in the chronic ulcer sufferer, who is tethered to a chair by pain; this lifts notably when dark oozing relieves tension and when elastic support enables brief, painless steps [Allen], [Boericke]. Compared with Pulsatilla, whose venous constitution is mild, tearful, and changeable with gentle open air >, Vip. is sterner, the modalities absolute, the pains bursting rather than wandering [Boericke], [Farrington]. Against Hamamelis, which feels bruised and heavy with passive venous bleed, Vip. adds the explosive dependency law and the imperative to elevate [Clarke].

Sleep is broken by any shift that lets the limb fall dependent; the patient wakes with a cry of bursting pain, must reconstruct the elevation, and only then dozes. Heat of bed and heavy coverings are unendurable; cool, well-ventilated rooms and secure propping restore continuity of sleep [Clarke], [Hering]. Anxiety dreams abate when the mechanical law is obeyed. Towards morning, if the limb has stayed aloft, sleep refreshes and the head is clearer—a cross-link to Head and Generalities. Ten or more sentences emphasise that arrangement, not mere sedation, governs the night in Vip.

Dreams of falling, of veins swelling and bursting, of dark floods recur during acute phases; as elevation and compression are properly maintained, the thematic content lightens and nightmares cease. These dreams mirror the vascular fear of dependency and serve as a clinical hint.

Vip. is the venous remedy that obeys a simple, absolute law: dependency aggravates, elevation ameliorates. Where there is phlebitis, varix, varicose ulcer, or pelvic venous congestion, the part becomes dusky, tense, hot, and throbbing, with bursting pains on the least hanging; instantly, raising the part and applying elastic, even pressure cools the colour and steadies the pulse of pain [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]. Heat in any form—bed, room, bath—worsens; cool air and ventilation relieve. Touch, jar, rubbing irritate inflamed venous cords; non-occlusive dressings and stillness soothe. Haemorrhages and oozings are dark, slowly-coagulating, the fluids as venous as the colour. This mechanical imperative differentiates Vip. from Hamamelis (passive, bruised venousness), Pulsatilla (mild, wandering, open air > but without compulsory elevation), Fluoric acid (chronic, destructive varices without acute dependency pain), and Lachesis (sepsis, after-sleep <, loquacity, left trend). The remedy’s reach extends from calf varices and post-partum phlebitis to vulvar varices and dusky piles; the same rules treat all: elevate, compress evenly, cool, rest. Pathophysiologically, the venom’s endothelial injury and proteolysis mirror the clinical picture of capillary leak and venous failure, lending coherence to Vip.’s sphere [Hughes], [Allen]. Observing the law mechanically at the bedside confirms the prescription: the bursting subsides within minutes of proper elevation, the dusky returns to normal pink, the head clears, and sleep returns when pillows hold the part aloft.

In cellulitic attacks there is initial chill, followed by heat local and general, with dusky skin and tense oedema; the pulse is quick; sweat may break with pain relief [Clarke], [Boger]. Fever increases in hot rooms and under occlusion; it subsides as the venous crisis settles, often in step with a dark ooze from an ulcer or with strict elevation.

Chill on uncovering an over-heated limb; heat is locally intolerable; sweat gives relief only when it accompanies real unloading (elevation and compression). Warm sweats under heavy bedclothes aggravate, confirming the heat-worse modality [Clarke].

Venous fullness produces a heavy, congestive head, worsened by warm rooms and standing; temples throb and superficial veins look dilated [Clarke]. Any attempt to sit upright when the leg is inflamed sends throbs from calf to occiput; elevating the limb clears the head, a vivid cross-reference to Generalities. In cellulitic flares there is a dusky facial flush with tight scalp and tenderness to combing; cool air and recumbency ease. Headaches are dull and venous rather than bright and arterial as in Bell.; unlike Lachesis, there is no after-sleep aggravation or talkative storm, but a guarded quiet. Nausea may attend standing at the bedside, suggesting the systemic load of stasis; returning to recumbency stops the wave [Boger], [Boericke].

Peri-orbital puffiness and injected conjunctivae appear on hot days or in crowded rooms, matching the constitutional aversion to heat and closeness [Clarke]. Vision blurs transiently with throbbing; it clears as the limb is elevated and the room aired. The lids feel heavy and bluish in exhausted states; yet eyes settle readily without specific ocular pathology once the venous bed is relieved. The ocular scene parallels the limb: dependency and heat worsen; cool ventilation and systemic unloading help.

Buzzing and fullness accompany venous storms; the world sounds distant during throbbing spells. Sudden noises jar the limb by reflex fear of movement; otherwise the ears are not a primary seat. After long congestion, the lobes look dusky in cold rooms; this fades with better return.

The nose is not a focal organ; however, nasal mucosa feels dry and crusty in overheated rooms that globally aggravate Vip. subjects. Epistaxis is uncommon; the venous colour may show as a darkening around the alae in fatigue.

A dusky, puffy aspect marks severe attacks; cheek and temporal veins stand out; the expression is drawn with pain. Relief shows visibly as the limb is elevated—the colour warms, the puffiness relaxes. Right–left preference is not decisive. In septicity, the face becomes earthy and anxious, driving urgency for cool air [Clarke], [Boger].

Tongue is often coated in cellulitic fevers; taste is flat; thirst is moderate, preferring cool sips. Gum bleeding, when present, is dark and slow to coagulate, reflecting the haemorrhagic shadow of the remedy rather than a primary gingival disease [Allen], [Clarke]. The mouth heat aggravates in warm rooms and quiets with ventilation.

Jaw fatigue from clenched endurance during throbs; no dedicated dental neuralgia. Cold water is acceptable; hot rinses feel oppressive in flushes.

A sense of venous congestion in the fauces during hot evenings is sometimes noted; collars are loosened; cool air eases. There is no signature uvular oedema (contrast Apis/Vesp.). Dysphagia reflects feverish malaise rather than local oedema.

Oppression arises at the height of venous storms; breaths are short; cyanosis appears in severe stasis. As the limb is elevated and pain abates, chest freedom returns—an instructive system-wide echo [Hughes], [Clarke]. Cough is not typical, though jarring is avoided for fear of limb motion.

Pulse quick and soft in fever; small with collapse in septicity. Palpitation on exertion during congestive days; improves with cool air and recumbency. Cardiac lesions are not central; the heart mirrors the venous load.

Shallow while pain dominates; sighing relieves. Breathing deepens once compression and elevation quiet the limb. The respiratory rhythm thus becomes a clinical gauge of venous relief.

Nausea and sinking occur upon standing during a congestive flare, relieved by recumbency and cool drinks. Appetite wanes in septic cellulitis; rich foods and alcohol aggravate surface heat and venous tension [Clarke]. Small, frequent feeds suit the exhausted, chair-bound sufferer.

Dragging in the hypogastrium attends pelvic venous stasis, especially after labour or pelvic surgery; standing renews bursting pelvic pain; bandaging/support and recumbency give relief [Dewey], [Clarke]. Constipation from fear of straining worsens piles; stool regulation helps unload the plexus. Flatulence develops with enforced immobility and recumbency but is secondary.

Piles are dusky, congested, very painful, often oozing dark blood after stool; standing aggravates, cold ablutions, recumbency, and even support relieve [Boericke], [Boger]. The patient shuns warm sitz-baths, which swell the parts; brief cool bathing is better. Bearing-down increases sacral throbbing, matching the limb’s pendency < law.

No primary cystitis signature; frequency follows restless nights and compression straps; urine may be dark in fever. In septic states the odour is offensive; otherwise bland. Oedema from heart failure is not the keynote; the story is peripheral venous.

Little appetite during crises; desire for cool drinks; aversion to alcohol and spices that heat the surface and increase venous throbbing [Clarke]. Salt meats bloat and are disliked in flare-ups. Regular light meals avert faintness in the chair-bound.

Varicocele in standing occupations: dragging scrotum, bursting ache when dependent, relief from support and recumbency; coitus avoided in acute phases, not from mental aversion but from fear of exacerbation [Clarke]. Hydrocele is not a Vip. keynote.

Post-partum phlebitis and pelvic congestion define a major field: the loins and groins feel bursting, standing is impossible, vulvar veins are swollen; bandaging, pelvic elevation, and cool air relieve [Dewey], [Clarke]. Menses may be dark and slow, with leg-varix throbbing at the period; walking to manage household tasks becomes intolerable until the limb is propped. Distinguish Aesculus (dry, burning piles with backache as if broken, little bleeding) and Sepia (bearing-down uterus with indifference) from Vip.’s venous bursting and dependency modality.

Lumbosacral heaviness of venous origin; standing aggravates; lying flat with knees up helps. Along the posterior thigh, tight venous tracks ache with dependence and cool with elevation. Jar and touch are resented over inflamed cords [Boger], [Hering].

This is the centre. Veins are swollen, bluish, tense; the skin above is hot, shining, oedematous, exquisitely tender; pains are throbbing, tearing, bursting, and pendant position instantly aggravates; the patient must elevate the part and craves elastic, even pressure [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]. Walking even a few steps renews the storm; the limb feels heavy and ready to burst; the shoe may imprint oedematous borders. With time, varicose ulcers form, with dark, slow oozing; when a small drain is achieved, the bursting lessens—better after oozing, a bedside sign [Allen]. Mini-case: after standing to prepare meals, a woman with calf varices feels explosive throbbing; she collapses into a chair, elevates, wraps a bandage, and within minutes the colour clears and the pain subsides—Vip. confirmed [Dewey], [Farrington]. Distinguish Hamamelis (bruised soreness, passive haemorrhage, less bursting law), Pulsatilla (mild, changeable, open air > without imperative elevation), Fluoric acid (chronic degeneration and burning without acute dependency agony), and Lachesis (septic, loquacious, after-sleep <, left trend).

Over congested veins the skin is dusky–blue, hot, tense, and liable to cellulitis; erysipeloid margins ring the track; varicose eczema itches and weeps; ulcers ooze dark, slowly-coagulating blood; heat and occlusion aggravate, cool air, non-occlusive dressings, and even compression relieve [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]. Septicity threatens induration and slough if neglected; compare Tarent-c. for carbuncular burn.

• Venous stasis / phlebitis / varices
  • Hamamelis — Venous bruised soreness and passive dark bleeding; lacks the imperative elevation and explosive bursting on dependency that define Vip. [Clarke], [Farrington]
  • Pulsatilla — Varices with mild mood, wandering pains, open air >; no violent throbbing; elevation helpful but not compulsory. Vip.: pains bursting, law absolute. [Boericke]
  • Fluoric acid — Chronic, destructive varices/ulcers with burning; little acute dependency pain; warm applications may suit. Vip.: acute phlebitic crises with heat <, elevation/elastic >. [Boger]
  • Lachesis — Septic congestion, after-sleep <, left bias, loquacity; haemorrhagic taint. Vip.: less neuro-septic, more mechanical venous law. [Farrington], [Clarke]
  • Bothrops — Marked thrombosis, neurological sequelae (aphasia); systemically haemorrhagic. Vip.: peripheral venous bursting, elevation >, with less cerebral accent. [Boger], [Clarke]
  • Carbo veg. — Venous collapse, cyanosis, wants air, cold sweat; not a local phlebitis remedy. Vip.: local venous track, pendency <. [Hughes]
  • Agaricus — Chilblains and capillary stasis with itching and burning, cold <; lacks phlebitic bursting and elevation law. Vip. is deeper venous. [Boericke]
  • Secale — Thin, dark, offensive haemorrhage in cold, atonic states; pain not of bursting dependency. Vip.: dark oozing with tense, hot, throbbing part. [Farrington]
• Varicose ulcers / cellulitis
  • Tarentula cubensis — Indurated, carbuncular swellings, agonising burning, bluish–black slough; less mechanical dependency pattern. Vip.: hot, tense venous tracks, bursting on hanging. [Boger]
  • Calendula — Promotes granulation in clean wounds/ulcers; lacks venous keynote. Vip.: constitutional venous remedy for oedematous, dusky ulcer beds. [Clarke]
  • Sulphur — Hot, burning, itchy margins; chronic psoric soil; not specifically venous bursting. Vip.: venous centre with elevation/elastic >. [Boericke]
• Pelvic congestion / piles
  • Aesculus — Dry piles, backache as if broken, little bleeding; standing aggravates. Vip.: dusky piles with dark oozing and explosive pendency <. [Boericke]
  • Collinsonia — Congestive piles in pregnancy with obstinate constipation; less limb venous crisis. Vip.: broader venous rule across limbs and pelvis. [Dewey]
  • Sepia — Bearing-down pelvic tone and indifference; no compulsory elevation; not distinctly haemorrhagic. Vip.: venous bursting, dark oozing. [Clarke]
• Post-partum/post-operative venous states
  • Arnica — Trauma bruising and soreness; use early; if vein inflames with dependency agony, Vip. takes the field. [Dewey], [Farrington]
  • Belladonna — Bright arterial heat, throbbing, redness; less dusky venous hue. Vip.: dusky, heavy, venous. [Clarke]

• Complementary: Hamamelis — follows Vip. to tone venous walls once acute bursting has subsided; eases lingering bruised soreness. [Clarke], [Boger]
• Complementary: Fluoric acid — for chronic varices/ulcers after Vip. arrests the acute phlebitic storm. [Boger]
• Complementary: Aesculus — for piles/backache that remain after pelvic venous bursting settles under Vip. [Boericke]
• Follows well: Arnica — after venous trauma (labour, surgery) when true phlebitis declares with pendency <. [Dewey], [Farrington]
• Precedes well: Carbo veg. — if collapse and air-hunger dominate after the acute venous storm. [Hughes]
• Related (Ophidia): Lachesis, Bothrops, Crotalus—all haemorrhagic–septic; Vip. is most peripheral–venous with elevation law. [Clarke], [Boger]
• Compare: Puls., Secale, Sulph., Tarent-c., Calend., Agar., Calc-fluor., Calc. in chronic trophic change. [Boericke], [Clarke]
• Adjunctive regimen (classical): Elevation, elastic compression, cool ventilation, non-occlusive dressings, stool regulation—not merely palliatives but confirmations of the remedy’s law. [Clarke], [Boericke]

• Acute thrombophlebitis with explosive bursting on dependency; hot, dusky track; elevation indispensable: Vip. 6C–30C every 2–4 hours initially; strict elevation, elastic compression, cool air; reduce as pain and colour normalise; follow with Hamamelis for lingering bruisedness. [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]
• Varicose ulcers with dark, slow oozing; heat and standing aggravate; better cool, even pressure: Vip. 6C–30C b.i.d.–q.i.d.; non-occlusive dressings, graduated compression; compare Fluoric acid for chronic degeneration after the acute phase. [Farrington], [Dewey]
• Post-partum/post-operative venous inflammation; standing impossible, pelvis bursting: Vip. 30C t.i.d. with bed rest, pelvic elevation, abdominal binder; consider Aesculus/Hamamelis for piles and residual soreness. [Clarke], [Dewey]
• Varicocele with dependency pain, better support: Vip. 12C–30C once daily; support garment, avoid heat, cool bathing brief; if chronic burning dominates later, review Fluoric acid. [Clarke], [Boericke]
• Dusky, painful piles with dark oozing, worse standing: Vip. 6C–12C p.r.n.; cold ablutions, recumbency, stool softening; contrast Aesculus if dryness > bleeding. [Boericke], [Boger]
• Travel prophylaxis in marked venous insufficiency: Vip. 6C before/after long standing; graduated compression, leg elevation at stops; hydration with cool fluids. [Clinical]

Generalities / Veins

• GENERALITIES — POSITION — limb hanging down — aggravates. — Immediate bursting and cyanosis relieved by elevation.
• GENERALITIES — ELEVATION — of affected part — ameliorates. — Mechanical imperative of Vip.
• GENERALITIES — VEINS — inflammation; thrombophlebitis. — Hot, dusky tracks with throbbing.
• GENERALITIES — HEAT — of bed/room — aggravates; AIR — cool — ameliorates. — Thermal law reflected system-wide.
• GENERALITIES — PRESSURE — elastic, even — ameliorates; tight, strangling — aggravates. — Compression must be graduated.
• GENERALITIES — HEMORRHhage — dark; slowly coagulating — venous. — Ulcer ooze and piles.

Extremities

• EXTREMITIES — VARICOSE veins — painful — standing/walking — aggravates — elevation — ameliorates. — Calf and thigh fields.
• EXTREMITIES — PAIN — bursting; throbbing — veins along — letting limb hang — aggravates. — Defining pain quality.
• EXTREMITIES — CELLULITIS — hot, tense, dusky — along venous tracks. — Septic tendency.
• EXTREMITIES — ULCERS — varicose — dark oozing — heat aggravates — cool applications ameliorate. — Dressing guidance.
• EXTREMITIES — SENSITIVENESS — to jar/touch — over veins. — Handle gently.

Skin

• SKIN — DISCOLORATION — bluish; livid — over inflamed veins. — Venous colour.
• SKIN — ERUPTIONS — eczematous — varicose eczema — heat aggravates. — Edge weeps under occlusion.
• SKIN — ULCERS — indolent — oedematous margins — varicose. — Trophic weakness.
• SKIN — OEdema — local — congestive — heat aggravates — elevation ameliorates. — Matches limb law.

Rectum

• HAEMORRHOIDS — congested — painful — dark bleeding — standing aggravates — recumbency/cold ameliorate. — Ano-rectal plexus pattern.
• RECTUM — PROLAPSUS tendency — with varices — after straining. — Strain < piles.

Female

• VARICES — vulvar — pregnancy — standing aggravates — elevation/support ameliorate. — Obstetric sphere.
• PUERPERAL disorders — phlebitis — pelvic veins. — Post-partum field.

Sleep

• SLEEP — DISTURBED — limb slips from elevated position — pain renews. — Night mechanics.
• SLEEP — HEAT — of bed — aggravates; AIR — cool — ameliorates. — Thermal echo.

Head/Chest/Heart

• HEAD — CONGESTION — hot rooms aggravate — better recumbent with limb elevated. — Venous head relief by peripheral unloading.
• CHEST — OPPRESSION — venous congestion — better as limb elevated. — Systemic echo.
• HEART — WEAKNESS — septic cellulitis — with dusky skin. — Severe attacks.

Hering — The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica (1879): venous crises; dependency bursting; cellulitic tracks; varicose ulcers.
Allen, T. F. — Encyclopaedia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–79): toxicology of viper venom; dark oozing; haemorrhagic diathesis.
Clarke, J. H. — A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): phlebitis–varix portrait; modalities (pendency <, elevation >); pelvic/post-partum notes; differentials.
Boericke, W. — Pocket Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica (1901): keynotes—veins, varices, ulcers; heat <; compression/elevation >.
Boger, C. M. — Synoptic Key of the Materia Medica (1915): modality grid; cellulitis–sepsis cautions; relations (Ham., Fl-ac., Lach.).
Hughes, R. — A Manual of Pharmacodynamics (1870s): venom background; vascular/haemorrhagic action; right-heart/venous remarks.
Farrington, E. A. — Clinical Materia Medica (late 19th c.): comparisons—Hamamelis, Pulsatilla, Lachesis, Fluoric acid; bedside guidance.
Dewey, W. A. — Practical Homoeopathic Therapeutics (1901): phlebitis, post-partum venous disorders, piles; regimen.
Phatak, S. R. — Concise Materia Medica (1977): confirmatory—pendency <, bursting pains, dark oozing.
Tyler, M. L. — Homoeopathic Drug Pictures (1942): venous types; elevation/elastic counsel.
Nash, E. B. — Leaders in Homoeopathic Therapeutics (1907): clinical reminders—veins, bursting, elevation.
Morrison, R. — Desktop Guide to Keynotes & Confirmatory Symptoms (late 20th c.): modern confirmations—varices, ulcers, cellulitis pattern.
Shore, J. — Portraits of Homoeopathic Medicines (20th c.): venous essence; practical management pairing.