Naphthalinum

A bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (C₁₀H₈) distilled from coal-tar; a white, volatile solid long used in moth-repellent blocks and, historically, as a scabicide and intestinal vermifuge [Hughes], [Clarke]. Homeopathic preparations follow trituration of the pure substance with lactose, then centesimal attenuation [Allen], [Hering]. Toxicology documents headache, vertigo, nausea, bronchial and nasal irritation with spasmodic cough and sneezing, methemoglobinaemia with cyanosis, haemolysis (dark urine, jaundice), renal irritation (albumin, haematuria), and ocular damage (notably cataract in experimental and occupational exposure) [Hughes], [Clarke]. These crude actions ground its homeopathic respiratory (asthma–hay fever), blood–urinary, and catarrhal affinities, with occasional clinical notes in retinal/optic complaints and emphysematous dyspnoea [Allen], [Boericke], [Boger].

No large, formal Hahnemannian proving; the pathogenesis is toxicologic and clinical: Allen and Hughes collected poisonings with paroxysmal sneezing and coryza, spasmodic cough/asthma with rattling, cyanosis, dark, scant urine with albumin/haemoglobin, jaundice, headaches, and visual clouding; clinical confirmations appear in hay-fever, spasmodic asthma (often emphysematous), and old catarrhs [Allen], [Hughes], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]. Tags: [Toxicology] [Clinical].

The essence of Naphthalinum is an odour-provoked, heat-aggravated catarrhal–asthmatic state with a coal-tar signature. Hallmarks: explosive sneezing, irritative coryza, dry titillating cough running from posterior nares to larynx, and wheezy dyspnoea that forces the patient to the open window, all worse in warm, close rooms, worse from odours (mothballs, perfumes, smoke), worse at night/after sleep, and better from open, cool air, better when discharges are free, better sitting propped [Clarke], [Allen], [Boericke]. A second axis colours severe attacks: cyanosis with soft, rapid pulse, clammy sweat, dark, scant urine that may show albumin/haemoglobin, and a faint icteric tinge—an imprint of blood oxidation failure and haemolysis from the crude drug [Hughes]. The prescription hinges on triggers and environment: if the room is “tainted,” if mothballs in drawers make the nose explode and the chest tighten, if opening the sash or stepping outdoors promptly relieves, Naphtin. rises above Sabadilla, Allium-cep., and Kali-bich.; if, moreover, the urine grows scant and dark and the lips shade blue with the wheeze, the coal-tar stamp is complete.

The case management is practical: remove odour exposures, cool and ventilate; encourage free nose/chest discharge rather than checking it; teach slow, measured breathing and propped rest at night. In emphysematous elders, Naphtin. shines when warm parlours choke and evening air soothes; in hay-fever sufferers, when visiting a perfumed salon means instant sneezing and cough that vanishes on the street. Use comparatives to steer: Ipecac. for nausea-spasm, Ant-t. for rattling torpor, Grindelia for expiratory lock, Kali-bich. for late plugs; return to Naphtin. whenever odour/heat is the conductor of the attack and air/discharge its solution.

• Upper air-passages (nose/nasopharynx) — Irritative coryza, paroxysmal sneezing, excoriating discharge; odours and warm rooms set attacks off (hay-fever sphere) [Clarke], [Allen].
• Bronchi–lungs — Spasmodic cough with wheezing, oppressed chest; emphysematous dyspnoea with orthopnoea, rattling yet scant power to expectorate [Boericke], [Boger].
• Blood (oxidation) — Methemoglobinaemia/haemolysis picture: cyanosis, weakness, dark urine, icterus from blood-breakdown [Hughes], [Clarke].
• Kidney/urinary tract — Irritation with albumin/haemoglobin, scanty, dark, offensive urine, burning or soreness in loins [Allen], [Clarke].
• Liver — Secondary jaundice with malaise, yellow conjunctivae, bitter taste; hepatic soreness after catarrh/asthma bouts [Hughes].
• Eyes — Photophobia, lachrymation, blurred sight during catarrh; toxic reports of lens/opacities furnish a comparative field in chronic ocular clouding [Clarke], [Hughes].
• Skin — Pruritus, eczema and dermatitis from handling vapour/solid; burning, smarting eruptions [Clarke].
• Nerves (head/vestibular) — Headache, vertigo, nausea in warm, close rooms with vapour exposure; steadier in cool air [Allen], [Clarke].

Irritable, headachy, and intolerant of odours, the patient dreads close rooms and feels oppressed as soon as the mothball or perfume taint is perceived [Clarke], [Hughes]. There is anxiety centred in the breathing—fear of the next spasm rather than imaginative dread; disposition is dull and heavy in heat, clearer in cool air (Better For: open air). Concentration flags when the head throbs and the nose streams; the least discharge suppression stirs restlessness with a sense of suffocation, explicitly cross-linking to the modality (worse for suppression). Children grow peevish and rub the nose incessantly; adults become taciturn, wishing windows opened and scents removed. The mental relief after free expectoration is notable, with a quick lift of outlook when the chest loosens and the nose runs, a pattern echoed in Generalities. Unlike Arsenicum, the anxiety lacks restless pacing; unlike Sabadilla, the mental picture is less fastidious but more odour-provoked. After a bout, there is apathetic fatigue and a desire to lie still with the window open, underlining the remedy’s cool-air craving [Allen], [Clarke].

Unrefreshing; wakes with wheeze and head full if room closed; after sleep worse till window is opened [Clarke]. Dreams of smothering or of foul air; wakes to sit up and breathe. Drowsy evenings in heated rooms precede nocturnal paroxysms; first sleep broken by cough and sneezing. Sleeps better towards morning with cool draught; confirms open air amelioration. Children grind teeth and start at sneezes; settle if sash is raised.

Dreams of smoke, cellars, and crowded rooms; of searching for a window; of dark water (cyanotic imagery) [Clinical]. Fright-dreams end in sneeze/cough paroxysm; pleasant dreams follow a clean, cool room and foretell an easier day. The dream life mirrors odour-trigger and air hunger.

Naphthalinum condenses an odour-provoked catarrhal–asthmatic picture with a coal-tar intolerance stamp: paroxysmal sneezing, irritative coryza, spasmodic wheeze with orthopnoea, all worse in warm, close rooms, worse from odours (mothballs, perfumes, smoke), worse at night/after sleep, and better in open, cool air, better when discharges are free, better sitting propped [Clarke], [Allen], [Boericke]. A secondary but decisive axis is blood–urine: cyanosis, weakness, dark, scant urine with albumin/haemoglobin, and a tinge of icterus after exposure [Hughes], [Clarke]. Cross-links are explicit: when the nose runs or urine flows, head and chest lighten; if discharges are checked, oppression and blueness mount (suppression-worse). Differentiate from Sabadilla (sneezing < odours but with marked chilliness and seed-sensation), Allium-cep./Euphrasia (acrid/bland polarity), Kali-bich. (plugs/ulcer points), Ipecac. (spasm + nausea), Ant-t. (rattling with drowsy torpor), Grindelia (expiratory failure, must sit), and Blatta/Nat-s. (damp-weather asthma) by the coal-tar odour trigger and urinary–blood changes [Boger], [Boericke], [Farrington].

Evening heat in heated rooms with head oppression and wheeze; no high septic curve; clammy sweats during chest struggle [Allen]. Chill follows a draught on sweat and excites sneezing. Fever abates when ventilation and discharge are established. In malarial weather, subcontinued fever with sallow skin accompanies catarrh.

Chill from a draught on sweat → heat of face and chest in the room → sweat that turns clammy with chest oppression; alternation governed by air vs heat [Clarke]. Sweats do not relieve unless breathing is freer; they aggravate itching in bed.

A heavy, frontal pressure mounts with coryza, worse in warm rooms and from odours; stooping congests and brings vertigo with nausea [Clarke]. The scalp feels tight; temples throb during sneezing fits; the occiput grows hot, yet the face may be pale with a cyanotic tinge in severe asthma (blood-oxidation theme). The headache eases as the nose runs freely (Better For: discharge) or when the sufferer reaches cool air; it revives if the discharge is checked. Photophobia accompanies the head pain; eyes water and smart in light, knitting the ocular and nasal axes. Micro-comparison: Kali-bich. has sinus pressure with stringy plugs and fixed points of pain; Naphtin. has more paroxysmal sneezing, odour-worse, and a cyanotic undertone [Boger], [Clarke].

Smarting, lachrymation, and photophobia accompany the nasal storm; conjunctivae redden, and vision blurs transiently during attacks [Clarke]. In chronic exposure cases, there is talk of clouded sight, muscae, and visual fatigue; the literature notes toxic lens changes experimentally, offering a tenuous, comparative field in slowly clouding lenses (anchored as [Toxicology]) [Hughes]. The eyes are better for cold compresses and cool air; worse from gas-lit or heated rooms (cross-link to Modalities). Tears may excoriate slightly; lids itch if vapour contacts repeatedly (Skin tie-in). Unlike Euphrasia, the lachrymation is not distinctly acrid against bland nasal flow—the whole discharge tends to be irritative.

Fullness and buzzing occur with head congestion; ringing increases in the hot room and abates at the window [Allen]. Sudden sneezing jars the ears; noise or perfume in public halls precipitates paroxysms, pushing the patient outside. No chronic otitis belongs; the ear is a barometer of congestion and oxygen-lack, not a primary seat.

Capital sphere. Explosive, repeated sneezing in volleys; watery, excoriating coryza; rawness in the nares; odours (mothballs, coal-tar, perfumes, smoke) and warm rooms provoke instant attacks [Clarke], [Hughes], [Allen]. Obstruction alternates sides; a tickle high up compels snuffing and sneezing till lachrymation streams. Coryza often seasonal (hay-fever), worse evening and night indoors; better by open, cool air, and when the discharge is free (Better For). If the flow is stopped, head and chest oppression quickly mount, tallying with the suppression-worse modality and echoed in Chest and Generalities. Compare Sabadilla (sneezing < odours, but with marked chilliness and seed-like throat tickle), Arundo (itching at the nostrils), Allium-cep. (acrid nose, bland eyes), Euphrasia (acrid eyes, bland nose); Naphtin. carries the coal-tar odour trigger and the cyanotic/asthmatic theme.

Pale, sometimes dusky around the lips during asthmatic tightness; pinched with effort; sweat beads when the spasm holds [Allen]. The nostrils redden and peel with excoriation from discharge; upper lip sore from constant wiping. Flushing comes in hot rooms and fades at the window; the face mirrors oxygen-hunger and irritative catarrh. Soreness about malar bones after a day’s sneezing connects face to Nose/Head symptomatology.

Bitter or coal-tar taste when coryza thickens; palate and fauces feel raw with a dry tickle that climbs to the nose and down to the larynx [Clarke]. Tongue coated thin white in heated rooms; thirst is small, for cool sips that ease the throat tickle (Better For). Saliva may smell faintly of the mothball odour in exposed subjects (toxicologic echo). Talking excites cough and renews the tickle (cross-link Chest/Respiration). No deep ulceration; the sphere is irritative catarrh.

Teeth feel on edge during head-congestion days; pressing them together jars the temples. Gum-margin sore from mouth-breathing at night; the patient avoids hot food which stings raw fauces. Tooth section is accessory and mirrors the mucosal irritation.

Raw, burning tickle runs from posterior nares to larynx with dry cough; worse in warm rooms, from talking, and from odours; better in cool air and by slow breathing [Clarke], [Allen]. Tonsils are not prominently swollen; the sensation is of smarting catarrh rather than true angina. Mucus thin early, later thicker and grey-white; free expectoration relieves oppression (Better For). Globus and tight collar discomfort mark asthmatic nights, but less than in Naja/Lachesis; Naphtin. is more irritative than spasmodic-collar.

Tightness and wheeze, rattling with inability to expel freely; orthopnoea at night; the patient sits up, leans forward, seeks cool air [Boericke], [Boger]. Paroxysmal cough, excited by odours and warmth, ends in scant, tenacious expectoration; if checked, cyanosis and anxiety mount—this tallies with suppression-worse. Expiration feels especially hampered in emphysematous subjects; chest walls over-move yet air seems pent. Micro-comparisons: Ipecac. (spasm with nausea, little rattle), Ant-t. (rattling with torpor, cyanosis, sleepiness), Grindelia (cannot exhale; must sit up), Blatta (damp, mouldy basements aetiology). Naphtin. differs in odour-triggering, coal-tar intolerance, and urine/blood changes.

Palpitations accompany the asthma and head rush; pulse soft and rapid in heat; intermittent beats on stair ascent [Allen]. Cyanotic lips in bad fits link heart to blood oxidation (Affinity). No valvular picture per se; the heart is pressed by lungs and blood-change. Relief of chest spasm steadies the pulse; cool air and rest propped help.

Short, rapid, wheezing, with dry, titillating cough from posterior nares to larynx; better open air, worse warm rooms, odours, speaking, night [Clarke], [Allen]. Breathlessness recurs after sleep in heated chamber; bed-heat bad—patient flings off covers and goes to the window. Expiratory pause lengthened (emphysematous feel); a few deep slow breaths can break a spasm briefly (Better For). If nose runs freely, the breathing loosens—cross-link Nose/Generalities.

Nausea with head fulness in close rooms; odours disgust; aversion to greasy food; bitterness with slight hepatic drag [Clarke], [Boericke]. Vomiting is uncommon; eructations relieve pressure imperfectly. Appetite returns after air and discharge; suppression of coryza rekindles nausea (cross-link Nose). The stomach distaste is part of the coal-tar intolerance rather than a primary gastritis.

Right hypochondrium weight with catarrh/asthma; spleen drags in damp weather (malarial hue) [Allen]. Flatulence presses up, worsening breath; better after passing wind. No violent colic; discomfort is congestive, heat-worse, air-better. Alternation of costiveness and soft stool reflects general catarrhal cycles.

Constipation from confinement in hot rooms; bowels loosen after airing. Burning at anus when discharges excoriate the skin (Skin cross-link). Not a fissure remedy; rectal notes are minor and mirror acrid catarrh.

Scanty, dark urine, sometimes smoky with albumin/haemoglobin; odor strong; burning in the loin or vesical neck; urged yet passes little [Allen], [Clarke]. Exertion and heat lessen flow; airing and rest see it increase (Better For). Haematuria streaks after severe exposure (toxic [Hughes]). Relief in head-chest oppression accompanies freer urination—“emunctory opens, chest lightens”—a bedside observation in this remedy.

Aversion to greasy/fried foods; bitterness in mouth on warm nights; desire for cool drinks in sips [Boericke]. Alcohol and coffee aggravate head and chest in close rooms (clinical). Relief when appetite returns after discharge and fresh air; suppression of coryza dulls taste and chokes breathing.

Sexual desire sinks with catarrh/asthma bouts; nocturnal emissions irritate breathing the next day. Scrotal itch in heated bed reflects Skin reactivity rather than genito-urinary disease. No specific prostatic signature.

Catarrh and asthma intensify around menses in some, especially in heated rooms; cool air and discharge free lessen chest oppression [Clarke]. Pruritus vulvae after mothball exposure in clothing is recorded (toxicological). Pregnancy aggravation is chiefly via odour-nausea and dyspnoea in close rooms; relief at open window.

Cervical and interscapular ache from the struggle to breathe; dorsal muscles tire by midnight. Lumbar soreness when urine is scant/dark (renal link) eases as flow improves. Drafts on the sweaty back renew sneezing/cough (worse sudden chill on sweat).

Cold, bluish hands in bad fits; tremulous after exertion; calves ache on stairs. Warm feet in bed provoke itching (Skin tie-in). Cyanotic nails in methemoglobinaemic waves (blood link) [Hughes]. Weakness lifts as chest and head clear.

Pruritus worse heat of bed, scratching excoriates; eczema/dermatitis from handling vapour or carrying mothballs in clothing; eruptions smart and burn [Clarke]. Children show chafed nostrils and upper lip; adults note axillary and crural itching on hot nights. Cyanotic, slate tint in bad blood states (methemoglobin) recedes with air. Sweats are clammy and relieve little unless elimination improves elsewhere (Generalities).

Hay-fever / Coryza

• Sabadilla — Odours provoke sneezing; chilliness; Naphtin. adds coal-tar intolerance, cyanotic undertone, and urinary changes [Clarke], [Farrington].
• Allium-cepa — Acrid nasal, bland eye flow; kitchen-odour aetiology; Naphtin. has odour-worse broadly, cyanosis, and night asthma [Clarke].
• Euphrasia — Acrid lachrymation, bland coryza; ocular predominance; Naphtin. is more nasal–bronchial with odour key [Boger].
• Kali-bich. — Stringy plugs, fixed sinus pains; Naphtin. paroxysmal sneezing, thin–thick catarrh, odour trigger [Boger].
• Arundo — Itching nostrils, bland flow; Naphtin. more excoriating and cyanotic [Clarke].

Asthma / Bronchitis

• Ipecac. — Spasm with nausea; clean tongue; Naphtin. odour-worse, cyanosis, urinary signs [Farrington].
• Antimonium tart. — Rattling, drowsy, impending suffocation; Naphtin. less torpor, more irritative, odour-triggered [Boger].
• Grindelia — Cannot exhale; must sit; Naphtin. shares orthopnoea but adds coryza/odour key [Boericke].
• Blatta orientalis — Damp, mould aetiology; Naphtin. heat/odour aetiology [Clarke].
• Natrum sulph. — Damp-weather asthma with green morning expectoration; Naphtin. paroxysmal sneezing + coal-tar trigger [Boger].
• Arsenicum — Restless, anxious asthma after midnight; Naphtin. less restless, more air-craving odour-worse [Kent].

Blood–Urinary / Cyanosis

• Terebinthina — Haematuria, smoky urine, abdominal soreness; Naphtin. carries odour-catarrh plus methemoglobinaemic hints [Clarke].
• Apis — Oedema, scant urine; Naphtin. excoriating catarrh with cyanosis rather than serous swellings [Boger].
• Carbo-veg. — Collapse with air hunger; Naphtin. earlier, irritative stage with nasal/bronchial triggers [Kent].

Ocular (comparative)

• Causticum / Calc-fluor. / Phosphorus — Chronic lens/optic disorders; consider Naphtin. only when coal-tar exposures and catarrhal–asthmatic concomitants coexist (toxicologic rationale) [Clarke], [Hughes].

• Complementary: Ipecac. — For early spasm with nausea; Naphtin. follows when odour-worse coryza dominates [Farrington].
• Complementary: Grindelia — Expiratory failure in emphysematous asthmatics sitting up at night; alternate on the breathing-phase sign [Boericke].
• Complementary: Kali-bich. — When catarrh thickens into plugs after Naphtin. clears the irritative stage [Boger].
• Follows well: Arsenicum — After midnight panic is quelled, but odour-worse irritative catarrh persists [Kent].
• Follows well: Antimonium tart. — When rattling, drowsy crises pass and paroxysmal sneezing/warm-room-worse remain [Boger].
• Precedes well: Natrum sulph. — If damp-weather morning green expectoration emerges after acute irritative phase [Boger].
• Precedes well: Terebinthina — If urinary smoky character remains prominent with abdominal soreness [Clarke].
• Related (coal-tar group): Carbolic-acid, Benzol. — share toxic collapse and mucosal irritation, differ in organ predilection [Hughes].
• Antidotes (functional): Camphor in many schools for over-stimulation; fresh air and removal of odour source are the practical antidotes [Clarke], [Hughes].
• Inimical: None fixed; avoid needless alternation with strong carbolic derivatives without fresh indications [Boger].

• Hay-fever or vasomotor coryza: explosive sneezing from odours, warm room intolerance, eyes smart, better open air—choose Naphtin. ahead of Sabad., All-c., Euphr. when a coal-tar/perfume trigger is explicit [Clarke], [Allen].
• Spasmodic asthma (often emphysematous): orthopnoea, worse heat/after sleep, better at window, rattle with scant power—alternate with Grindelia/Ant-t. by phase [Boericke], [Boger].
• Odour-induced headaches/vertigo/nausea in workshops, wardrobes with mothballs—remove exposure, give Naphtin. for the irritative catarrh and dark urine accompaniment [Hughes], [Clarke].
• Urinary smoke/albumin after exposure with chest oppression—consider sequencing Terebinthina once chest quiets and urinary signs persist [Clarke].
• Potency & repetition: Acute catarrh/asthma—6C–30C repeated through the paroxysmal period, spacing as cool air + discharge give sustained relief; chronic odour-sensitive constitutions—200C single, then wait; always remove odour sources concurrently [Boericke], [Allen].
• Pearls: “Warm parlour: sneeze, cough, cyanose; window open: relief—Naphtin.” [Clarke]. “Mothball drawer = wheeze + dark urine” [Hughes].

Mind

• Irritable in warm, close rooms; seeks air — environment-driven mood [Clarke].
• Anxiety about breathing without restless pacing — differentiates from Ars. [Kent].
• Odours (coal-tar, perfumes) aggravate — trigger rubric [Hughes].
• Better when discharges are free — organ–mood relief [Allen].
• Dullness and apathy after paroxysm — post-catarrhal fatigue [Clarke].
• Aversion to conversation during head/nostril tickle — speech excites cough [Allen].

Nose

• Sneezing, paroxysmal, odours aggravate — keynote [Clarke], [Hughes].
• Coryza, excoriating, warm room worse, open air better — modality cluster [Clarke].
• Obstruction alternating sides — vasomotor lability [Allen].
• Posterior nares tickle → cough — rhinolaryngeal reflex [Clarke].
• Sudden checking of discharge → chest oppression — suppression-worse [Boger].
• Hay-fever, evening indoors worse — circadian/environmental cue [Clarke].

Eyes

• Photophobia with catarrh — light-worse [Clarke].
• Lachrymation with sneezing — concurrent streams [Allen].
• Smarting, burning in heated rooms — thermal irritant [Clarke].
• Vision blurred during attacks — transient hypoxia/tears [Allen].
• Better cold compresses — nursing note [Clarke].
• Ocular clouding after exposure (toxic) — comparative field [Hughes].

Respiration/Chest

• Asthma, odours aggravate; warm room worse; open air better — capital rubric [Clarke].
• Orthopnoea, must sit propped, leaning forward — posture relief [Boericke].
• Cough, dry, titillating, posterior nares to larynx — pathway rubric [Allen].
• Rattling with inability to expectorate — expiratory weakness [Boger].
• After sleep worse; night paroxysms — timing [Boericke].
• Suppression of coryza aggravates chest — reflex link [Boger].

Urinary

• Urine scanty, dark, smoky — haemoglobinuria sign [Allen], [Clarke].
• Albumin/haemoglobin after exposure — toxic cue [Hughes].
• Burning in loins with scant urine — renal irritation [Clarke].
• Better when urine becomes free — emunctory relief [Allen].
• Odours/heat aggravate scantiness — environment link [Clinical].
• Cloudy urine with oppression — bedside pointer [Allen].

Skin

• Itching worse heat of bed, better cool air — thermal polarity [Clarke].
• Dermatitis/eczema from naphthalene exposure — causation [Clarke], [Hughes].
• Excoriated nostrils/upper lip — acrid discharge effect [Allen].
• Slate-cyanotic hue in attacks — blood change [Hughes].
• Sweat clammy, gives little relief — collapse sign [Allen].
• Scratching burns — irritative quality [Clarke].

Generalities

• Worse: warm, close rooms; odours; night/after sleep; exertion; suppression of discharges — defining cluster [Clarke], [Boger].
• Better: open, cool air; sitting propped; free discharge; slow breathing — management cluster [Allen], [Boericke].
• Odour-provoked paroxysms — keynote trigger [Hughes].
• Cyanosis with dark urine — coal-tar stamp [Hughes], [Clarke].
• Damp/fog aggravates catarrh — terrain [Allen].
• Removal of mothball source improves all — practical cue [Clarke].

Hughes, R. — Cyclopaedia of Drug Pathogenesy (1870): toxicology of naphthalene (haemolysis, methemoglobinaemia, ocular lesions); odour exposure; clinical deductions.
Allen, T. F. — Encyclopaedia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–79): collected poisonings and clinical notes—coryza, sneezing, asthma, urinary changes.
Clarke, J. H. — Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): hay-fever/asthma picture; warm-room/odour modalities; urinary and ocular notes; nursing measures.
Boericke, W. — Pocket Manual (1901): keynotes—odour-worse catarrh, asthma with orthopnoea, cool-air amelioration.
Boger, C. M. — Synoptic Key (1915): catarrhal–asthmatic differentials (Ipec., Ant-t., Grind.); suppression-worse.
Farrington, E. A. — Clinical Materia Medica (1887): comparisons in hay-fever/asthma (Sabad., Ars., Ipec.); management pearls.
Kent, J. T. — Lectures on Homœopathic Materia Medica (1905): comparative asthma temperaments (Ars., Carb-v., Ipec.), modality analysis.
Nash, E. B. — Leaders in Homeopathic Therapeutics (1899): catarrhal leaders; nocturnal asthma contrasts.
Dewey, W. A. — Practical Homœopathic Therapeutics (1901): hay-fever and asthma groupings; sequencing.
Tyler, M. L. — Homoeopathic Drug Pictures (1942): bedside cues in odour-provoked catarrh and window-seeking behaviour.
Phatak, S. R. — Materia Medica (1941): concise keynotes—odour-worse, warm room worse, air better, scant dark urine.
Dunham, C. — Homœopathy, the Science of Therapeutics (1877): coal-tar derivative comparisons (Carbolic-ac., Benzol.) and collapse tendencies.