Mercurius cyanatus

A highly toxic inorganic compound of mercury and the cyanide radical. Crude action combines mercurial corrosive/ulcerative effects with the histotoxic hypoxia of cyanides, yielding rapid tissue necrosis, haemorrhage, and profound adynamia. Classical toxicology reports violent stomatitis, blackish or ashy diphtheritic membranes, foetor, collapse, and kidney injury with albuminuria [Hughes], [Clarke]. In homeopathy, Mercurius cyanatus has a reputation for malignant angina/diphtheria, scarlatina maligna, septic sore throat, sloughing dysentery, and purpura haemorrhagica, where disintegration of tissues and prostration are out of proportion to local findings [Hering], [Allen]. Preparations follow Hahnemannian methods from the salt triturated to attenuation [Clarke].

Symptoms derive from toxicological records and clinical confirmations more than from formal provings. Allen assembles numerous poisonings with black diphtheritic membranes, incessant salivation with foetor, profound adynamia, and haemorrhage [Allen]. Hering and Clarke corroborate its swift, destructive diphtheritic action with membrane extension to nose and larynx, albuminuria, and myocarditic collapse [Hering], [Clarke]. Tagging: [Toxicology], [Clinical].

Mercurius cyanatus is the black-throat picture of malignant sepsis: a swiftly destructive diphtheritic angina with foetor mortis, bleeding on the slightest touch, ashy-black or blackish-green membranes, and a small, failing pulse. Whereas classic Mercurius (Merc-sol.) gives us heat-aggravated, salivating stomatitis with an indented tongue, Merc-cy. drives the process deeper and darker—to gangrene, oozing haemorrhage, albuminuria, and cardiac weakness. The polarity is stark: the throat looks cavernous and dead, yet the organism feels too weak even to mount a fever—adynamia out of proportion to the local lesion, the room fouled by a stench that suffocates attendants. Cyanide’s histotoxic hypoxia (modern understanding) explains the tender collapse and air-hunger; mercury’s corrosive affinity explains the sloughing membranes and bleeding [Hughes], [Clarke] [Toxicology].

Clinically, picture the child or adult with hard-to-lift eyelids, dusky face, black tongue, and a throat that bleeds if you merely look at it; drink regurgitates through the nose as the posterior nares are filmed; the urine turns smoky with albumin; the pulse is quick yet empty. They cannot lie flat, choke on their own saliva, and every degree of heat—bed-clothes, a warm room—makes everything worse, magnifying the smell and the weakness (echoing the Merc signature). When dysentery sloughs, the same keynote appears in the bowel: shreddy, blackish, foetid stools with tenesmus and faintness. In the blood and skin we see purpura and ecchymoses. Across systems, the thread is tissue necrosis + haemorrhage + collapse.

Differentiate it from Lachesis (purplish, left-sided, hyper-reactive; Merc-cy. is more gangrenous, bleeding, and albuminuric), Kali-bich. (yellow, ropy, punched-out ulcers; less adynamic), Phytolacca (glandular, aching; lacks black sloughs), Arsenicum (burning restlessness without the same degree of foetor/bleeding), and Baptisia/Pyrogen (septic sensorium without the black throat). The modalities cross-confirm the choice: worse night and heat, worse swallowing (especially fluids), better cool air and propping up. In short: if the throat looks dead and black, bleeds on touch, the urine shows albumin, and the room smells like a mortuary, think Merc-cy.

• Oropharynx & Tonsils — Fulminant diphtheritic angina with dark, ashy-black membranes, oedematous soft palate/uvula, marked foetor; tissues slough with bleeding on touch [Hering], [Clarke].
• Nasal mucosa — Membrane extension from throat to posterior nares; corrosive, blood-stained discharge; epistaxis with acridity [Allen], [Clarke].
• Larynx & Trachea — Early laryngeal invasion, hoarseness to aphonia, strangling on swallowing; danger of croupous membrane and asphyxia [Hering].
• Salivary glands & Mouth — Gangrenous stomatitis, fetid salivation (saliva often blood-streaked), spongy bleeding gums, black or brown tongue, metallic taste [Allen], [Clarke].
• Gastro-intestinal tract — Dysenteric stools with tenesmus and sloughing ulcers, black/bloody evacuation, intolerable foetor [Hering], [Boger].
• Kidneys — Albuminuria, scanty dark urine, haematuria in malignant throat/septic states; nephrotoxic echo of the salt [Clarke], [Allen].
• Blood & Vessels — Septicaemia with adynamia, purpura, oozing haemorrhages, ecchymoses; small, frequent, compressible pulse [Hughes], [Hering].
• Heart — Myocarditic weakness in diphtheria: low tension pulse, tendency to collapse; syncope on sitting up [Clarke], [Kent].
• Skin — Petechiae, lividity, dusky rashes in malignant scarlatina; ulcers with ash-coloured bases [Hering].
• Nervous system — Stupor, muttering delirium, tremulous weakness, subsultus in septic states; later diphtheritic paralysis possible [Allen], [Clarke].

Adynamia dominates: the patient is profoundly prostrate, anxious, and easily sinks into stupor with muttering delirium and a dull, besotted aspect [Hering], [Allen]. Fear of suffocation and of impending death appears during laryngeal spread; yet apathy alternates, in keeping with septicaemia. Irritability with aversion to anyone touching the throat is notable, and despair may arise when every swallow tears the ulcerated fauces [Clarke]. The mental state mirrors the remedy’s toxic physiology—cellular asphyxia from cyanide and tissue dissolution from mercury—producing a picture of oppression, confusion, and faintness [Hughes] [Toxicology]. Micro-comparison: Arsenicum shares restlessness and fear, but Merc-cy. shows foetor, ash-black membranes, and bleeding on touch rather than the dry burning of Ars. [Kent]. Small kindness and gentle airings (see Modalities) slightly calm the dread, which tallies with improved ventilation of the septic room.

Unrefreshing, broken by choking, delirium, and sweats; dreams of suffocation in a dark room [Allen]. On dozing, saliva dribbles, foetor increases; waking finds swallowing worse—this echoes the worse after sleep Merc modality [Kent]. Drowsy stupor alternates with anxious starting.

Nightmares of strangling, funerals, and blood; confused hospital scenes and instruments, reflecting septic fear and collapse [Allen] [Clinical].

A remedy of swift tissue disintegration: black diphtheritic membranes, bleeding on touch, overpowering foetor, albuminuria, purpura, and collapse. The adynamia is extreme, out of all proportion to local lesions [Hering], [Allen]. Modalities match the Merc signature—worse night, warmth, after sleep; better cool air, cool sips (transient), propping up—while cyanide’s histotoxic hypoxia explains rapid sinking and small, frequent pulse [Hughes] [Toxicology]. Compare Merc-cor. in dysentery (burning tenesmus, smaller stools) and Kali-bich. in ropy membranes; yet Merc-cy. stands out for ashy-black sloughs, septic foetor, haemorrhagic oozing, albuminuria, and early cardiac weakness [Clarke], [Boger], [Kent]. Case vignettes show malignant angina turning with Merc-cy. when bleeding on touch and foetor are keynote, confirmed by albuminuria and dusky prostration [Hering] [Clinical].

Septic, low or irregular fever: chilliness with trembling, then a small hot rise and profuse foul sweat; the thermic curve lacks vigour—adynamic fever [Hering], [Clarke]. Tongue black, pulse quick but weak, stupor and foetor define malignant forms.

Recurrent chills in the evening, heat in face with dusky hue, followed by oily, cold sweats of putrid odour that do not relieve prostration [Hering]. Sweats stain linen and are offensive (Merc signature).

Heaviness of head with throbbing temples accompanies septic fever; the scalp is sensitive and the face dusky, pinched, or puffy around the eyelids [Hering], [Clarke]. Sudden faint spells on raising the head betray cardiac weakness (see Heart), and epistaxis may follow straining. The mouth’s foetor and salivation rankly pervade the head space, provoking nausea. Vertigo with dim vision precedes syncope in post-diphtheritic myocarditis [Clarke]. Compared to Belladonna (hot, throbbing head with bright redness and high reactivity), Merc-cy. is more adynamic, dusky, and foul, with haemorrhagic oozing [Kent].

Conjunctivae injected and dingy; photophobia slight, with smarting, acrid tears when foetid breath irritates ocular surfaces [Hering]. Periorbital puffiness and a sunken, anxious look correspond to general sepsis. Vision dims at faintness waves, and retinal haemorrhages are recorded in malignant cases [Allen] [Clinical]. The eyes’ dulness is part of the “typhoid” expression common to malignant angina.

Tinnitus with small, frequent pulse and septic state; intermittent deafness from Eustachian congestion during naso-pharyngeal membrane spread [Clarke]. Earache may reflect extension from ulcerated throat via the tubes. Bleeding easily from inflamed canals if roughly probed [Hering].

Acrid, blood-tinged discharge excoriates the alae; posterior nares become membranous, and fluids regurgitate through the nostrils when swallowing [Clarke], [Hering]. Epistaxis relieves engorgement briefly yet adds to collapse. The odour from the nose/throat is intolerably putrid (keynote), which tallies with the modality “worse warm room” where foetor saturates the air [Allen]. Micro-comparison: Kali-bich. also forms tough membranes and plugs, but in Merc-cy. the hue is ashy-black, tissues bleed on touch, and adynamia is extreme [Clarke], [Boger].

Features pinched, livid or dusky; lips parched, sometimes cracked and oozing blood; submaxillary and parotid glands tender and swollen [Hering]. The face wears an anxious, collapsed expression that deepens on attempting to swallow. Foetid saliva dribbles; the lower lip may tremble from exhaustion [Allen].

A gangrenous stomatitis: gums spongy and bleeding on the slightest touch; ulcers with ash-grey or black bases; foetor mortis from the mouth is overpowering [Hering], [Allen]. The tongue is swollen, heavy, and often brown-black, sometimes with a glossy, lacquered look; salivation is profuse yet the mouth feels dry and burning—classic mercurial paradox [Clarke]. Metallic taste constant, with stringy, sometimes blood-stained saliva. Teeth feel long and loose with gnawing pains at the roots [Allen]. This tallies with the Better cool water (momentary) and Worse heat modalities already noted.

Looseness, bleeding of sockets, and aching worse from warmth of bed; gnawing pain at roots with fetid oozing [Allen]. Grinding with delirium may occur in septic fever. Dental manipulation sets off haemorrhage—bleeds on touch keynote (cross-link Affinity).

Cardinal sphere. Fauces intensely inflamed; tonsils, uvula, and soft palate oedematous; the whole surface is carpeted with thick, ashy-black or blackish-green membranes that bleed on touch and spread rapidly to the posterior nares and larynx [Hering], [Clarke]. Swallowing is agonising; attempts to swallow liquids often cause choking or regurgitation through the nose; even swallowing saliva provokes spasm [Allen]. Foetor is extreme; breath sickening; cervical glands tender and enlarging. Small, weak pulse; adynamia out of proportion to local throat signs defines the malignant form [Hering]. Micro-comparisons: Lachesis (left-sided, worse liquids, purplish throat) shows great sensitivity, but Merc-cy. is more gangrenous with black sloughs and haemorrhage; Phytolacca has glandular pains and shotty tonsils but lacks the Merc-cy. foetor and albuminuria; Diphtherinum (Nosode) helps constitutional terrain when membranes persist [Clarke], [Kent]. [Toxicology], [Clinical].

Oppression with shallow breathing; in laryngeal diphtheria strangling fits and aphonia with risk of membranous croup [Hering]. Stabbing on speaking or swallowing. Breath very offensive, felt across the room (ties to Affinity/Oropharynx and Modalities “better airing”). Heart weakness adds to dyspnoea on lying flat [Clarke].

Pulse small, frequent, easily compressible; myocarditis of diphtheria with syncope on sitting up; precordial anxiety and impending faintness [Clarke], [Kent]. Cyanide element suggests histotoxic hypoxia contributing to collapse [Hughes] [Toxicology]. Micro-comparison: Cactus constricting band differs; Merc-cy. is septic, adynamic, haemorrhagic.

Short, sighing respiration with laryngeal spasm on attempts to swallow; gasps for air in warm, foul rooms, hence desire for cool currents (see Modalities) [Hering]. Nasal obstruction by membrane forces mouth-breathing with cracked lips and black tongue [Clarke].

Nausea from the dreadful smell/taste; vomiting of foul mucus or coffee-ground admixture in severe haemorrhagic cases [Allen]. Burning from pharynx to epigastrium with corrosive sensation; thirst for cold sips which aggravate on swallowing (see Modalities). Prostration ensues after vomiting fits [Clarke]. Compared with Arsenicum (burning and restlessness), Merc-cy. is heavier, more putrid, and bleeds more readily.

Tympany with sore mesenteric nodes; cutting and burning in lower abdomen before dysenteric stools; great sinking at the epigastrium [Hering]. The abdomen is tender in right iliac fossa when the colon is ulcerating [Boger]. Faintness worsens after stool.

Dysentery of malignant type: frequent, small, bloody, foul stools with tenesmus, shreddy sloughs, and prostration with cold sweat [Hering], [Boger]. Burning in anus with oozing blood that stains linen dark. Micro-comparison: Merc-cor. has smaller, more incessant stools with intense burning tenesmus; Merc-cy. adds septic foetor, black sloughs, and deeper collapse [Allen], [Clarke].

Urine scanty, smoky, albuminous; casts in malignant diphtheria point to nephritis from the toxin and the drug’s own nephrotoxicity [Clarke], [Allen]. Haematuria may accompany purpura. Urging frequent but feeble; micturition brings faintness.

Intense thirst for small sips, yet swallowing aggravates; desire for cold water though it may choke [Allen], [Clarke]. Aversion to food from foetor and ulcerated mouth; vomiting after attempting nourishment.

Great adynamia with cold sweat; haemorrhagic oozing from mucosae; not a leading sphere. Ulcerative balanitis with foetor reported in septic states [Allen] [Clinical].

Menses suppressed during severe sepsis; metrorrhagia of dark, oozing blood may occur in purpuric states [Clarke]. Puerperal septicaemia with putrid lochia, dusky pallor, and feeble pulse suggests the remedy, especially when throat is also ulcerated [Hering].

Aching between shoulders; bruised lumbar pains with febrile adynamia; chill along spine preceding purpuric rash [Allen]. The patient slips down in bed from weakness.

Cold, clammy hands; tremulous weakness; petechiae on forearms and legs in purpura; oedema of ankles in cardiac depression [Hering]. Cramps in calves at night with small pulse [Allen].

Purpura haemorrhagica; ecchymoses; livid, dusky tint; ulcers with ash-grey bases that bleed [Hering], [Clarke]. Eruptions become gangrenous under septic influence. Profuse, cold, clammy sweat of a cadaveric odour accords with the Merc family aggravation from heat.

Aetiology / Pathology (sepsis, necrosis, haemorrhage)

• Baptisia — Septic, besotted stupor with foetor; Bapt. less membranous, more “typhoid” sensorium; Merc-cy. shows black sloughs and bleeding [Clarke].
• Pyrogenium — Sepsis with pulse-temperature discordance; Pyrog. lacks the ashy-black throat and bleeding on touch [Kent].
• Crotalus horridus — Haemorrhagic diathesis, oozing dark blood; Crot. more ecchymotic and jaundiced; Merc-cy. centres on gangrenous throat [Hering].

Throat (membranes, foetor, spread)

• Lachesis — Left-sided, worse liquids, purplish throat; intense sensitivity; lacks black membrane with albuminuria keynote of Merc-cy. [Kent].
• Kali-bich. — Tough, yellow plugs and ropy mucus; Merc-cy. has black sloughs, easy bleeding, and deeper collapse [Boger], [Clarke].
• Phytolacca — Glandular, shotty tonsils, aching to ears; foetor less overwhelming; albuminuria uncommon [Hering].
• Diphtherinum (Nos.) — Chronic/recurrent diphtheritic states; used intercurrently; Merc-cy. covers the acute malignant phase [Clarke].

Dysentery / Sloughing bowel

• Merc-cor. — Burning, incessant tenesmus; smaller, more frequent stools; Merc-cy. more putrid, sloughing, with adynamia [Allen].
• Arsenicum — Prostration with burning; stools offensive but less shreddy; typical Ars thirst/restlessness picture [Kent].

Kidney / Albuminuria in diphtheria

• Apis — Oedema, albuminuria, stinging pains; Apis distinctly better cold, thirstless; Merc-cy. thirsts in sips with foetor and black fauces [Clarke].
• Terebinthina — Haematuria with smoky urine; gastric resinous odour vs. Merc-cy. septic foetor [Boger].

Myocarditis / Collapse

• Camphora — Sudden icy collapse, gasping; less local throat sloughing; Merc-cy. has septic mouth and albuminuria [Hering].
• Carbo-veg. — Air-hunger, wants to be fanned; cyanotic; lacks black throat sloughs and easy bleeding [Kent].

General Mercurials

• Merc-sol. — Salivation, indented tongue, worse night/heat; lacks ash-black membranes and the malignant speed of Merc-cy. [Boericke].
• Merc-iod-rub./flav. — Laterality and glandular tropism prominent; Merc-cy. has more gangrene/haemorrhage [Clarke].

• Complementary: Kali-bich. — ropy plugs and sinuses after malignant phase; sequences in diphtheritic throats [Boger].
• Complementary: Phytolacca — glandular component and aching shooting to ears (before/after Merc-cy.) [Hering].
• Complementary: Arsenicum — restores reaction in septic collapse once sloughing subsides [Kent].
• Complementary: Carbo-veg. — adynamic air-hunger with desire for fanning late in case [Kent].
• Follows well: Lachesis — when left-sided purplish throat sinks into black sloughs and albuminuria [Clarke].
• Follows well: Merc-cor. — if dysenteric burning phase passes into sloughing, oozing, putrid stools [Allen].
• Precedes well: Diphtherinum (Nos.) — to clear constitutional residue after acute malignant angina [Clarke].
• Precedes well: Apis — for residual oedema/albuminuria after throat clears [Hering].
• Antidotes: Hepar-s. (local mercurial stomatitis and hypersalivation) [Clarke].
• Antidotes: Nux-v. (drug intolerance, gastric irritability) [Kent].
• Inimical: Sil. traditionally discordant to Merc group in some schools [Boericke].
• Related: Bapt., Pyrog., Crot-h., Ars., Carb-v.—septic/haemorrhagic field (see Differentials) [Farrington], [Nash].

• Malignant angina / diphtheria: When membranes are ashy-black, bleed on touch, foetor is unbearable, and albuminuria is present—Merc-cy. is foremost [Hering], [Clarke].
• Laryngeal diphtheria: Early aphonia with choking on trying to swallow liquids; prop patient up; remedy often needed before/alongside intercurrents [Hering].
• Septic dysentery: Black, shreddy, fetid stools with collapse; distinguish from Merc-cor. by greater foetor and adynamia [Allen], [Boger].
• Purpura / malignant scarlatina: Dusky rash with petechiae, oozing mucosae, failing pulse [Hering].
• Potency & repetition: Classical authors used low triturations (2x–3x) in malignant throat and dysentery with frequent dosing early [Clarke]; medium–high (30C–200C) per Kent when reaction is poor yet sensitivity is high; spacing doses as soon as objective improvement (reduced foetor/bleeding, steadier pulse) appears.
• Pearls:
  • “Black sloughing throat, urine albuminous, overwhelming foetor—Merc-cy. turned the case” [Clarke].
  • “Dysenteric sloughs with collapse; after Merc-cor. failed, Merc-cy. cured” [Allen].
  • “Syncope on sitting up in diphtheria pointing to myocarditis—Merc-cy. steadied the pulse” [Kent].
  • “Posterior nares membrane with fluids gurgling from nose on swallowing; Merc-cy.” [Hering].

Mind

• Delirium, muttering, septic states — adynamic sensorium in malignant angina [Hering].
• Anxiety, fear of suffocation — laryngeal spread and choking episodes [Clarke].
• Apathy alternating with restlessness — septic toxaemia pattern [Allen].
• Irritability from least disturbance — touch/exam of throat provokes distress [Hering].
• Despair of recovery — collapse with foetor and black sloughs [Kent].
• Stupor with half-open eyes — low, typhoid grade sepsis [Clarke].

Head

• Vertigo on raising head — myocarditic weakness; faintness on sitting up [Clarke].
• Headache with foetid mouth — septic emanations aggravate cephalalgia [Allen].
• Heaviness of head with small, frequent pulse — adynamic fever sign [Hering].
• Eyelids heavy, oedematous — septic infiltration mirrors throat state [Clarke].
• Epistaxis relieves pressure briefly — haemorrhagic diathesis [Allen].
• Face, dusky, pinched — collapse portrait [Hering].

Nose

• Diphtheritic membrane, posterior nares — regurgitation of fluids; diagnostic [Clarke].
• Epistaxis, oozing, acrid — bleeding on touch theme [Allen].
• Discharge, fetid, blood-streaked — septic sloughing mucosa [Hering].
• Coryza with excoriation of alae — corrosive ichor [Clarke].
• Smell, offensive from nose/throat — room-filling foetor [Allen].
• Obstruction forcing mouth-breathing — cross-links to Larynx/Respiration [Hering].

Throat

• Membranes black/ash-coloured, bleed on touch — pathognomonic Merc-cy. [Clarke], [Hering].
• Uvula, palate, tonsils, oedematous — oedema with sloughing [Hering].
• Swallowing, worse liquids; choking; regurgitation through nose — posterior nares involvement [Clarke].
• Foetor mortis from mouth — keynote, therapeutic guide [Allen].
• Cervical glands enlarged, tender — mercurial gland tropism [Hering].
• Laryngeal invasion with aphonia — danger of croup/asphyxia [Hering].

Mouth

• Stomatitis, gangrenous; gums spongy, bleeding — corrosive necrosis [Allen].
• Tongue brown-black, heavy — adynamic sepsis with mercurial signature [Clarke].
• Salivation, fetid, often blood-streaked — paradox “wet yet burning” mouth [Hering].
• Metallic taste — mercurial hallmark [Allen].
• Ulcers with ash-grey bases — bleed on touch [Hering].
• Foetor intolerable — clinical steering symptom [Clarke].

Rectum

• Dysentery, sloughing, fetid — malignant bowel pattern [Hering].
• Tenesmus with collapse — exhaustion out of proportion [Allen].
• Stools, blackish/bloody shreds — tissue disintegration [Boger].
• Burning, anus, oozing blood — corrosive ulceration [Allen].
• After stool, faintness and cold sweat — adynamia [Clarke].
• Compar.: Merc-cor. smaller frequent stools; burning more intense [Allen].

Urinary

• Albuminuria in diphtheria — nephritic involvement/keynote [Clarke].
• Urine scanty, smoky, haematuria — haemorrhagic tendency [Allen].
• Casts present — parenchymal damage [Clarke].
• Urging frequent with feeble stream — systemic weakness [Allen].
• Faintness during micturition — cardiodepressive terrain [Clarke].
• Oedema with albuminuria — cross-link to Apis differential [Clarke].

Chest/Respiration

• Laryngeal diphtheria; aphonia — early spread; peril of croup [Hering].
• Strangling on swallowing saliva — spasm from raw surfaces [Allen].
• Dyspnoea worse lying flat — myocarditic weakness [Clarke].
• Breath odour putrid — septic confirmation [Clarke].
• Cough scant, painful; expectoration of shreds — membranous [Hering].
• Orthopnoea, must be propped — modality confirmation [Hering].

Skin/Blood

• Purpura haemorrhagica — septic/haemorrhagic field [Hering].
• Ecchymoses, oozing from wounds — bleeding on touch [Allen].
• Ulcers with ash-grey bases — gangrenous tendency [Clarke].
• Dusky, livid hue — low oxygen and sepsis [Hughes].
• Cold, clammy sweat, fetid — adynamic hallmark [Hering].
• Petechiae with small, frequent pulse — failing circulation [Allen].

Generalities/Fever

• Adynamia out of proportion — central keynote [Hering].
• Small, frequent, compressible pulse — myocarditic diphtheria [Clarke].
• Septic foetor permeating room — bedside pointer [Allen].
• Worse night/heat/after sleep — Merc signature modalities [Kent].
• Better cool air, propped up — practical management cue [Hering].
• Collapse with faintness on sitting up — cardiac depression [Clarke].

Hahnemann — Chronic Diseases & method: standards for preparation; general mercurial comparisons.
Hering — Guiding Symptoms (1879): malignant angina, black membranes, bleeding on touch, adynamia.
Allen, T. F. — Encyclopaedia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–79): toxicology/clinical data (throat, dysentery, albuminuria).
Clarke, J. H. — Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): septic picture, laryngeal spread, myocarditis, albuminuria.
Hughes, R. — Cyclopaedia of Drug Pathogenesy (1870): toxicologic foundations (mercury/cyanide), haemorrhage, collapse.
Kent, J. T. — Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica (1905): essence, modalities, septic/heart weakness insights.
Boger, C. M. — Synoptic Key (1915): keynotes (black sloughs, dysentery with sloughing), differentials.
Boericke, W. — Pocket Manual (1901): terse clinical character (malignant diphtheria, adynamia).
Farrington, E. A. — Clinical Materia Medica (1887): septic/haemorrhagic remedy relationships.
Nash, E. B. — Leaders in Homoeopathic Therapeutics (1899): septic throat leaders; practical hints.
Dewey, W. A. — Practical Homoeopathic Therapeutics (1901): throat therapeutics/differentials.
Lippe, A. — Text-Book of Materia Medica (1866): malignant angina notes; Merc group comparisons.