Cocainum hydrochloricum

Crystalline salt of the coca-leaf alkaloid used in medicine as a local anaesthetic and historically as a central stimulant. Toxicology shows swift exaltation (mental and motor), insomnia, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, mydriasis, sensory hyperacuity passing into illusions/hallucinations, formication (“cocaine bugs”), and later depression, prostration, and even cardiac collapse in excess ([Toxicology]). Locally it induces mucosal anaesthesia and, with repeated use, irritation/ulceration (notably in the nose and throat) [Hughes], [Clarke]. Homœopathic preparations are made by trituration of the salt and subsequent potentisation. The remedy picture centres on stimulation → exhaustion, anxious insomnia, cardio-vascular irritability, sensory illusions, and cutaneous formication, with a useful but narrower ENT/ocular strand reflecting the drug’s topography. [Allen], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]

No Hahnemannian proving. The pathogenesis is built from toxicological reports, small experimental provings, and numerous clinical notes compiled by T. F. Allen, Hughes, Clarke, with practical résumé in Boericke/Boger: insomnia with exaltation, palpitations, mydriasis, formication, hallucinations, anaesthesia of mucosa, and subsequent prostration. [Allen], [Hughes], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]

Cocainum condenses the stimulant paradox: a man feels brilliant, bright-eyed, and keen, yet the very brightness forbids sleep, over-speeds the heart, thins his patience, and magnifies trivial sensations into buzzing, flicker, and crawling. The psychology is performance-centred rather than mystical; unlike Cannabis he does not float in boundless inner space—he overworks the outer task until nerves hum, then sits wide-awake, counting beats and picking at the skin (Mind/Sleep/Skin). The polarity is plain: exaltation → exhaustion; confidence → suspicion; clarity → illusions (often insects); hot head → cold extremities; numb mucosa → rawness (Mind, Eyes, Nose). The environmental poles match: warm, close rooms, noise, light, crowds, and stimulants worse; cool air, darkness, quiet, loosened clothing, and a single calm presence better (Modalities). The cardiac thread supplies the dread—palpitations, flutter, and brief faintish moments—yet swift recumbency, air, and assurance restore rhythm, distinguishing it from Digitalis failure and Carbo veg. collapse (Heart/Generalities).

Miasmatically the tubercular lilt is obvious: restlessness, sleepless motor, quick swings, and love of air; the psoric plane—functional over-reactions without deep lesion—dominates, while sycosis tints the habit and repetition; syphilitic destructiveness flickers only in ulceration and potential collapse when abuse is grave (Miasm). In Scholten’s terms of alkaloid “peak-state”, Cocainum is the volatile spike—easy gain, hard keeping; the essence is to lower stimulus, lengthen breath, restore night, and quiet the skin; when these practical measures harmonise with the remedy, recovery is quick: the patient reports “The room seems quiet; my pulse has settled; I slept.” Clinical judgement rests on the triad: anxious insomnia, palpitations, formication/illusions—with ENT/ocular anaesthesia→rawness as a topographic confirm. If the case drifts into gastric irritability, Nux completes; if into drooping tremor, Gelsemium; if it sinks toward failure, Carbo veg. or Strophanthus intervene. But when the story is bright-eyed at night, heart too loud, skin creeping, warm rooms hateful, cool dark relief, and a fear of being watched, Cocainum stands central. [Clarke], [Hughes], [Allen], [Boericke], [Boger], [Farrington], [Kent]

• Cerebral cortex & psyche. Exaltation, rapid ideation, hyperacusis/photophobia, illusions (especially of insects crawling), then anxious insomnia and depression; alternating confidence and suspicion. See Mind/Sleep. [Hughes], [Allen], [Clarke]
• Cardio-vascular reactivity. Palpitation, irregular action, precordial anxiety, cold extremities with hot head, vaso-motor lability; in excess, risk of collapse. See Heart/Generalities. [Clarke], [Boericke]
• Skin & peripheral nerves. Formication (as of insects under skin), itching, numb patches, tremulousness; scratching gives momentary relief yet aggravates irritation. See Skin/Extremities. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Sleep centre / circadian. Tenacious insomnia from cerebral over-excitement, with racing thoughts and inability to “switch off”; brief dozes startle. See Sleep/Dreams. [Clarke], [Boericke]
• ENT mucosae (nose, throat). Local anaesthesia, then rawness, epistaxis, ozaena-like crusts or ulceration after repeated topical use; smell disordered. See Nose/Throat. [Clarke], [Boger]
• Eyes. Mydriasis, photophobia, visual illusions; locally anaesthetic but irritating with misuse. See Eyes/Head. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Genito-urinary (erethism → atony). Sexual excitation with insomnia; later prostration, diminished power, and mental anxiety about performance. See Male/Female/Mind. [Hering], [Clarke]
• Gastric tone. Loss of appetite, nausea in the over-driven; coffee/alcohol worsen palpitations and wakefulness. See Stomach/Food & Drink. [Dewey], [Clarke]
• Motor stamina. Tremor, fidgetiness, quick fatigue after brief brilliance; hands unsteady for fine work. See Extremities/Generalities. [Allen], [Boger]

The Cocainum mind opens in exaltation—confidence, rapid flow of ideas, a sense that work is easy and perception sharpened—but soon the stream outruns the banks and sleep deserts him (Mind ↔ 10b night/excitement) [Hughes], [Allen], [Clarke]. Irritability follows trifles; then suspicion creeps in: he feels watched, talked about, or poisoned, and may see insects or animals in the corners (Mind ↔ Skin formication) [Clarke], [Allen]. The persecutory hue resembles Hyoscyamus yet with more cardio-vascular anxiety and insomnia; it lacks Stramonium’s furious religiosity. He is oversensitive to noise and light; mixed stimuli make the heart race and ideas chatter, whereas a quiet, darkened room and a single calm voice soothe (Mind ↔ 10a quiet/dark) [Clarke]. Between flashes of brilliance there is indecision, unfinished tasks, and self-doubt, especially toward night; if left alone, he broods and picks at the skin (Mind ↔ Skin). Panic of heart-stopping moments appears during palpitations, but not the death-terror of Aconite (Mind ↔ Heart) [Farrington], [Clarke]. Desire may be high with restlessness, then falls to atony and fear of impotence (Mind ↔ Male). Improvement is read in a steadier pulse, fewer illusions, quiet sleep, and toleration of simple stimuli without surge. [Clarke], [Allen], [Boericke]

Cannot sleep though weary; mind too awake, ideas race, every stimulus loud; short dozes end in startle with palpitation and sighing (Sleep ↔ Mind/Heart; 10b night) [Clarke], [Allen]. He craves cool air, yet true relief occurs only when the exaltation drops; if woken, the formication resumes. Dreams when obtained are vivid, brilliant, with insect or pursuit themes; waking tired. Sleep improves with ventilation, darkness, simple sips, and company reassurance, not with stimulants (10a/10b). [Boericke], [Tyler]

Vivid, coloured, of insects, being watched, unfinished tasks; the emotional tone is restless rather than joyous (Dreams ↔ Mind/Skin) [Allen], [Clarke]. As recovery proceeds, dreams lessen and mornings are quiet.

A stimulation → exhaustion remedy: exaltation, sensory brightness, quick pulse, and formication give way to tremor, insomnia, palpitations, and suspicions. Worse at night, warm, close rooms, noise/light, stimulants, solitude, haste, and repetition; better in cool, quiet, dark surroundings, head high, loose clothing, gentle open-air walking, and simple warm sips (Generalities ↔ Modalities) [Clarke], [Boger], [Boericke]. The best confirmations triangulate mind (exaltation→suspicion) + heart (palpitations) + skin (formication) with insomnia. Recovery is read in sleep returning, quiet pulse, tolerance of ordinary stimuli, and cessation of picking. Differentiate from Coca (altitude/ascending picture), Coffea (joyous insomnia), Arsenicum (burning anxiety), and Stramonium/Hyos. (florid delirium without stimulant arc). [Farrington], [Clarke], [Allen]

No high fever. Heat in head/face with cool extremities in excited phase; sweat beaded without relief; later chill on subsidence. [Clarke], [Allen]

Hot head, cold hands/feet; perspiration may appear with palpitations but does not relieve until pulse calms (Chill/Heat ↔ Heart). Warm rooms aggravate; cool air helps (10a/10b). [Clarke], [Boger]

Headache is frontal/temporal, with tight band feeling and hot head, cold hands (vaso-motor split); light/noise aggravate, cool air and rest relieve (Head ↔ 10a/10b) [Clarke], [Boger]. Vertigo attends palpitations or after eye-strain; letters swim if he forces reading. The head feels full during exaltation, then hollow/tired with depression—Cocainum’s polarity (Head ↔ Mind). Mydriasis is often present, with sparkle in the eye. Compare Coffea (joyous, hyperæsthetic insomnia) and Cannabis ind. (expansive illusions without the same cardiac fret) [Allen], [Farrington]. Pressing the temples gives transient ease; tight collars aggravate (Head ↔ 10b pressure/heat). [Clarke], [Boericke]

Pupils dilated; photophobia; the room looks too bright, edges shimmer; distant objects seem nearer or larger (Eyes ↔ Mind illusions) [Allen], [Clarke]. Local anaesthesia of conjunctiva may be felt as numbness with rawness after over-use; in the sensitive, tearing and burning follow the stimulant phase. Reading at night or in warm rooms triggers headache and palpitation (Eyes ↔ 10b). Distinguish Coca (altitude/effort axis) and Coffea (delighted insomnia): Cocainum is more suspicious, with formication and a harder pulse. [Clarke], [Boericke], [Farrington]

Hyperacusis—common sounds jar; a distant hum rings in the excited phase, then dullness with fatigue; noise exacerbates palpitation (Ears ↔ Heart/10b). No true otorrhœa; the ear signs are functional/vascular. Quiet and darkness restore tolerance (Ears ↔ 10a). [Allen], [Clarke]

Topically numbs mucosa; repeated local use yields rawness, soreness of septum, crusts, epistaxis, occasionally ozaena-like fetor (Nose ↔ Affinity ENT) [Clarke], [Boger]. Smell swings from exquisite to perverted during the night; warm, close rooms block and aggravate head/breath (Nose ↔ 10b). Cool air eases but draughts may chill. The patient is tempted to pick at crusts, increasing soreness. [Clarke], [Allen]

Flushed in exaltation, then pale, with a drawn, anxious look at heart moments; sweat beaded on upper lip with little relief. Lips dry, tongue tremulous. Acne may flare in the over-driven. Contrast Aurum (deep despair with bone pain) and Arg-nit. (stage dread, gastric thread). [Clarke], [Allen]

Dry mouth with little thirst during wakeful nights; breath hot; taste flat or slightly metallic. Tongue trembles on protrusion; saliva scant except in anxiety when swallowing is frequent. Teeth feel on edge during noise. [Allen], [Clarke], [Hughes]

Clenching in tension phases; shooting dental neuralgia with hot head/cold limbs pattern; better cool air and quiet. No caries picture; the tooth pain rides vascular storms. [Allen], [Clarke]

Numbness then rawness at fauces; frequent clearing without mucus; voice fatigues with talk, worse warm rooms, better pauses (Throat ↔ 10a/10b). Swallowing is normal but sensation disordered—fits the anaesthetic–irritative polarity. [Clarke], [Boericke]

A band across upper sternum, craving for deep breaths; talking worsens, quiet upright rest helps (Chest ↔ Respiration/10a). No heavy catarrh; it is nervous oppression with quick relief once the pulse steadies. [Clarke], [Boericke]

Palpitations with irregular beat, fluttering, and faintish moments, especially at night, after stimulants, haste, or crowds (Heart ↔ 10b) [Allen], [Clarke]. The Cocainum heart is over-spurred, not failing like Digitalis; rest, air, head high calm it (Heart ↔ 10a). If duskiness and sinking persist, think Carbo veg./Strophanthus. [Farrington], [Boericke]

Short breath with sighing in the excited hours; open window desired, yet the relief is incomplete until pulse is quiet (Respiration ↔ Heart/Sleep) [Clarke]. Not the fear-driven gasping of Arsenicum; more mechanical over-drive with air-hunger. [Farrington]

No appetite in the excited worker; nausea on coming down from stimulation; coffee/alcohol increase palpitation and spoil sleep (Stomach ↔ 10b stimulants) [Dewey], [Clarke]. Small warm sips and simple food support the down-swing (Stomach ↔ 10a). Hiccough and eructation may accompany palpitations. [Allen]

A hollow sinking and light wind with nervousness; belts tight oppress (Abdomen ↔ 10b pressure). No inflammatory picture; abdominal signs mirror the nerve–pulse tides. [Clarke], [Boger]

Habit-driven patients tend to constipation through late nights and poor feeding; stool normalises when sleep returns. Rectal signs are not decisive for selection. [Allen], [Clarke]

Scanty during long wakeful nights; frequent small urging with palpitations. Urine otherwise plain; urethral tingling after excess may occur (Urinary ↔ Male). [Allen], [Clarke]

Aversion to food during wakeful nights; coffee/alcohol are decidedly worse—drive palpitation and insomnia (Food ↔ 10b) [Dewey], [Clarke]. Small warm sips (broths/teas) soothe; heavy late meals aggravate. [Dewey]

Phase 1: Erethism—desire heightened, insomnia, restless skin; Phase 2: Atony—fear of impotence, depression and back-drag (Male ↔ Mind/Sleep/Back) [Hering], [Clarke]. Emissions may be followed by tremor and palpitation; compare Cobaltum (sitting-backache) and Selenium (dribbling, great weakness). Cocainum is earlier, stimulus-centred. [Boericke], [Boger]

Restless wakefulness before menses; palpitations with flushes in warm rooms; desire capricious. Over-talking and company by night increase nervous vibration, abating with cool air and quiet. Not a uterine remedy per se; select by mind–heart–skin triad. [Clarke], [Allen]

Between scapulæ a tired stretch after talk or excitement; nape tight with head-band; leaning back eases while heat aggravates (Back ↔ Head/10b). No coccyx keynote. [Clarke], [Allen]

Tremulous, fidgety hands; formication on arms/legs—as of insects; cold feet with hot head (Extremities ↔ Skin/Chill-Heat) [Allen], [Clarke]. Fine work shaky during palpitations; steadier after a cool walk. [Boger]

Signature symptom: formication—creeping, crawling, as of insects under the skin, leading to picking and excoriations; itching worse night, warmth, and solitude (Skin ↔ 10b; Mind illusions) [Allen], [Clarke]. Areas may be numb then burning; scratches relieve for a moment then worse again. Differentiate Agaricus (itching with twitching merriment) and Arsenicum (burning with anxiety, better heat). Cocainum adds insomnia + palpitations. [Farrington], [Boericke]

Stimulant insomnia / exaltation

• Coffea — Joyous hyperæsthesia, bright ideas, insomnia; less palpitation + formication. Cocainum adds suspicion and cardiac fret. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Coca — Altitude/ascending dyspnœa with exhilaration; insomnia at heights. Cocainum lacks the altitude paradox and has insect illusions. [Clarke], [Farrington]
• Guarana/Kola — Nervines with wakefulness; poorer skin and suspicion strands than Cocainum. [Hale], [Clarke]

Hallucinations / suspiciousness

• Hyoscyamus — Jealous, obscene, clownish delirium. Cocainum: watchfulness, insect illusions, palpitation leading the case. [Kent], [Clarke]
• Stramonium — Furious, religious terror; photophobia. Cocainum is more urbane, stimulus-driven, with formication. [Kent], [Farrington]
• Cannabis indica — Vast space/time illusions with dreamy euphoria; less cardiac focus. Cocainum is brisk then tremulous. [Clarke], [Farrington]

Formication / itching

• Agaricus — Itching, twitching, merry foolishness. Cocainum: sleepless, anxious, palpitating. [Farrington], [Boericke]
• Arsenicum — Burning itching, great anxiety, better heat; Cocainum: heat <, cool air >, formication keynote. [Clarke], [Boger]
• Sulphur — Dirty heat, general itch, philosophical ego. Cocainum: acute stimulant arc, heart-skin-sleep triad. [Phatak], [Clarke]

Palpitation / over-drive

• Aconitum — Panic, fear of death with tachycardia. Cocainum: little death-terror, more suspicious wakefulness. [Kent], [Farrington]
• Digitalis — Slow, failing pulse; dread of movement. Cocainum: over-spurred heart, steadies with rest/air. [Farrington], [Clarke]
• Carbo vegetabilis — Collapse, wants fanning, cyanosis. Cocainum: no collapse unless toxic; insomnia + illusions guide. [Farrington]

ENT/ocular mucosae (local anaesthetics/irritants)

• Atropinum — Dry, hot, furious, mydriasis; mental blaze > anaesthesia. Cocainum: anaesthesia→rawness, suspicious insomnia. [Clarke]
• Hydrastis — Thick, stringy catarrh; none of Cocainum’s numbness/palpitation. [Clarke], [Boericke]

• Complementary: Nux vomica — regulates stimulant after-effects (coffee/alcohol); steadies over-driven nerves; follows Cocainum when gastric–irritable layer appears. [Dewey], [Kent]
• Complementary: Gelsemium — for the tremulous, drooping fatigue after Cocainum’s storm has passed. [Farrington]
• Follows well: Aconitum — after shock/fright tachycardia if insomnia with suspicion remains. [Kent]
• Follows well: Carbo vegetabilis/Strophanthus — when true cardio-vascular failure complicates and Cocainum proves too stimulating. [Farrington], [Clarke]
• Precedes well: Coffea — residual joyous insomnia once suspicion, palpitations, and formication have subsided. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Precedes well: Phosphorus — lingering photophobia/voice fatigue without suspicion; constitutional open type. [Kent]
• Compare (skin): Agaricus, Arsenicum, Sulphur — see Differentials; choose by formication + palpitations + sleeplessness. [Farrington], [Clarke]
• Antidotes (practical): Nux for stimulant abuse; Camphora for sudden faint/collapse; Opium for over-narcotised insomnia with sopor (clinical tradition). [Dewey], [Hughes], [Clarke]
• Inimical: None fixed; avoid routine alternation with Hyos./Stram.; select by mental colour (suspicion vs fury). [Kent]

• bedtime (or q2–3h in the acute night), stop/space as soon as sleep returns and palpitations subside; insist on cool, dark, quiet room; avoid coffee/alcohol. [Clarke], [Boericke], [Dewey]
• Nervous palpitation after evening excitement or crowds. Cocain. 12C–30C once, recumbent rest with head high; if failure signs persist (slow pulse, duskiness), switch to Digitalis/Strophanthus (not complementary). [Farrington], [Clarke]
• Cutaneous formication (“cocaine bugs” sensation) with anxious wakefulness. Cocain. 12C nightly for several nights; warm bath then cool, dark room; compare Agaricus/Arsenicum by thermal/mental colour. [Allen], [Clarke]

Case pearls (one-liners):
• Merchant, brilliant evenings then sleepless with crawling skin, palpitations—Cocain. 30C nocte × 3; slept on second night, ceased picking. [Clarke], [Allen]
• Singer, hot bright room → flutter and wakefulness; Cocain. 12C before performance; ventilation + rest restored steadiness. [Boericke], [Clarke]
• Clerk, warm office, coffee nights—formication, suspicion he’s watched—Cocain. 30C; Nux later for gastric sequelae. [Dewey], [Clarke]

Mind

• Exaltation; rapid ideas; feels equal to tasks. Early stimulant phase. [Allen], [Hughes]
• Suspicious; thinks he is watched or poisoned. Persecutory tint. [Clarke]
• Hallucinations of insects/animals in room. Links to skin formication. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Irritable from trifles; noise and light intolerable. Sensory over-drive. [Clarke]
• Anxiety with palpitations (without death-terror). Heart-linked fret. [Farrington], [Clarke]
• Aversion to solitude during anxious phase; better company/assurance. Behavioural cue. [Kent], [Clarke]

Head/Eyes

• Headache, frontal/temporal, hot head with cold extremities. Vaso-motor split. [Clarke]
• Light and noise aggravate headache. Environmental trigger. [Boger]
• Pupils dilated; photophobia. Ocular stimulant mark. [Allen]
• Visual illusions: objects seem larger/nearer; flicker. Sensory distortion. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Tight bands/clothes aggravate head and heart. Mechanical <. [Clarke]
• Better in cool, dark room; worse warm, close rooms. Modal cluster. [Clarke], [Boger]

Sleep

• Sleepless though weary; mind too active. Grand insomnia rubric. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Startles on dropping off; wakes with palpitation. Night cluster. [Clarke]
• Wants window open; relief incomplete until pulse quiet. Paradox cue. [Clarke]
• Dreams vivid, of insects/pursuit; unrefreshing. Thematic map. [Allen]
• Better after assurance/quiet/darkness. Management rubric. [Clarke]
• Worse after evening excitement/stimulants. Causation. [Dewey], [Clarke]

Skin

• Formication as of insects under skin. Signature keynote. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Itching worse warmth/night; scratching relieves then worse. Behavioural loop. [Allen]
• Picking at skin; excoriations. Habit overlay. [Clarke]
• Numb spots alternating with burning. Anaesthesia→irritation. [Clarke]
• Better warm bath then cool air and quiet. Practical tip. [Clarke]
• Anxious wakefulness with itching. Skin-sleep link. [Allen]

Heart/Respiration

• Palpitation with irregular beats; anxiety at night. Central heart rubric. [Allen], [Clarke]
• Oppression over sternum; tight clothing aggravates. Mechanical <. [Clarke]
• Sighing; desire for deep inspiration. Air-hunger under over-drive. [Clarke]
• Better rest, head high, cool air; worse crowds/haste. Modal code. [Clarke], [Boger]
• Fluttering after stimulants. Dietetic trigger. [Dewey]
• Faintish spells without true failure. Distinguish from Digitalis. [Farrington]

Nose/Throat

• Anaesthesia of mucosa with rawness after. Local polarity. [Clarke]
• Soreness of septum; crusts; epistaxis. ENT topography. [Clarke], [Boger]
• Smell disordered; perverted. Sensory strand. [Clarke]
• Talking aggravates laryngeal fatigue. Effort link. [Boericke]
• Warm rooms aggravate ENT discomfort. Environment. [Clarke]
• Better pauses and cool air. Relief rubric. [Clarke]

Generalities

• Stimulation → exhaustion polarity. Remedy essence. [Clarke], [Hughes]
• Worse night; worse warm, close rooms; worse noise/light. Master aggravations. [Boger], [Clarke]
• Better cool, dark, quiet; better recumbent with head high. Master ameliorations. [Clarke], [Boericke]
• Stimulants aggravate (coffee/alcohol). Dietetic law. [Dewey]
• Tremulousness after excitement; fidgety hands. Motor sign. [Allen]
• Hot head with cold extremities. Vaso-motor split. [Clarke]

1. F. Allen — Encyclopædia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–79): toxicology/pathogenetic fragments—exaltation, insomnia, palpitations, mydriasis, formication; sensory illusions.
   Richard Hughes — A Cyclopædia of Drug Pathogenesy (1891–95): pharmacology/toxicology—stimulation → depression; mucosal anaesthesia; cardiac irritability.
   John Henry Clarke — A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): clinical syntheses—insomnia, suspiciousness, palpitations, formication; ENT/ocular notes; management.
   William Boericke — Pocket Manual of Homœopathic Materia Medica (1906): keynotes—insomnia from mental over-excitement, palpitations, local anaesthesia, skin crawling; practical modalities.
   C. M. Boger — Synoptic Key of the Materia Medica (1915): environmental modalities (cool, dark, quiet >; warm close <), generalities, ENT topography.
   E. M. Hale — New Remedies: Clinical and Pharmacological (1864–1891): stimulant group comparisons (Coca/Guarana); clinical dosing counsel for insomnia and exertional palpitation.
   E. A. Farrington — Clinical Materia Medica (1887): differentials—Acon., Dig., Carbo-v.; Coffea vs Coca/Cocainum; heart/respiration guidance.
   James Tyler Kent — Lectures on Materia Medica (1905): miasmatic frame; mind comparisons (Stram., Hyos., Nux); practical sequencing.
   S. R. Phatak — Concise Materia Medica (1977): concise generalities—itch, stimulants <, night <; miasmatic tint.
   W. A. Dewey — Practical Homœopathic Therapeutics (1901): regimen—avoid coffee/alcohol; small warm sips; cardiac rest measures.
   H. C. Allen — Keynotes and Characteristics (1898): quick confirms—insomnia with exaltation; palpitation; hot head, cold feet; formication.
   Margaret Lucy Tyler — Homoeopathic Drug Pictures (1942): vignettes—insomnia with suspicious brightness; counselling on environment.
   George Vithoulkas — Materia Medica Viva (1991): modern interpretive notes—stimulant arc and management (contextual).
   Rajan Sankaran — The Substance of Homœopathy (1991): miasmatic layering—tubercular–psoric swing, sycotic habit (interpretive).