Camphora
Substance Background
Camphor is a terpenoid ketone (bornanone) long obtained by steam-distilling the wood and leaves of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) and then refining the crystals. In crude form it is a powerful rubefacient and CNS agent capable of producing initial excitation (restlessness, heat, spasms, convulsions) followed by depression, collapse, icy coldness, and syncope—a toxicologic polarity that mirrors its homoeopathic picture of violent reaction → sudden sinking. Hahnemann prepared Camphora by dissolving camphor in alcohol and potentising; triturations are also used. Clinically it has been associated with collapse states (shock, choleraic onset), suppression of secretions, sudden chill with internal burning, spasm/convulsion with blue coldness, and intolerance of covering despite icy surface temperature. [Hahnemann], [Hughes], [Allen], [Clarke], [Boericke]
Proving Information
Hahnemann’s proving (MMP; also in Chronic Diseases) records icy coldness with burning within, violent anxiety, fear of death, fainting, sudden suppression of sweat/urine/menses, coryza checked → chest oppression, spasms and convulsions, collapse with blueness, and the keynote “cannot bear to be covered though icy cold”. Rich [Clinical] confirmations in cholera prodrome/algid stage, shock, syncope, sudden arrest of eruptions, and collapse from cold/wet exposure. [Hahnemann], [Hering], [Allen], [Clarke], [Kent], [Boger], [Boericke], [Farrington], [Nash], [Tyler], [Phatak]
Remedy Essence
Camphor embodies the catastrophe of cold—a sudden, paradoxical derangement in which the organism becomes ice without, fire within. The surface is icy, blue, insensitive; the breath itself is cold; the pulse sinks and the voice dwindles to a whisper. Yet the subjective feeling is often burning or smouldering heat inside, with frightful anxiety that death is imminent. The patient rips off the covers, craving exposure to air while the bystander shivers to touch him; this uncovering in the presence of deadly chill is one of the most decisive keynotes in practice. Etiologically the Camphor state often follows sudden suppression—of sweat (chilled when perspiring), of catarrh (checked coryza), of menses/lochia, or of eruptions—or shock/cold wet exposure. Pathophysiologically there is neuro-vascular collapse with cutaneous vasoconstriction, central dysregulation of heat, and autonomic storm: the body first spasms (twitches, convulses, trismus), then swoons (syncope, imperceptible pulse).
In acute epidemics (classic cholera), Camphor stands at the doorway. Before rice-water stools pour, before cramps gnash, there may be only collapse—a death-like chill, sunken face, whispering voice, cold breath, no sweat, no urine. At this threshold, Camph. rouses the vital force, re-opens the suppressed outlets (sweat, urine, flow), and often deflects the course. If discharges and cramps set in, the mantle passes to Verat. or Cupr., but Camphor must be timely. Its moral colour is pale—panic and fear of death rather than philosophical resignation; relief comes with air, uncovering, and friction, not with blanket and fire. The polarity runs through every system: excitation → collapse, burning within → ice without, suppression → asphyxia, aversion to covers despite chill. When such contradictory certainties co-exist, Camphor is the archetype that reconciles them and returns motion to the frozen field. [Hahnemann], [Hering], [Clarke], [Allen], [Kent], [Boger], [Boericke], [Nash], [Farrington], [Phatak], [Tyler]
Affinity
- Nervous system (autonomic & motor). Convulsions, tetanic spasms, trismus, then asthenia and syncope; frightful anxiety; shock after cold/wet exposure. See Mind/Back/Extremities. [Hahnemann], [Allen], [Hering]
- Peripheral circulation & temperature regulation. Icy coldness of surface with internal burning, blue lips/nails, cold sweat, pulse small, almost imperceptible; cannot tolerate covering. See Fever/Chill/Generalities. [Clarke], [Boger]
- Gastro-intestinal tract. Choleraic onset: violent vomiting/diarrhoea may be absent or minimal at first; cramps; sudden prostration. See Stomach/Abdomen/Rectum. [Hering], [Nash], [Farrington]
- Respiration. Suppressed coryza → oppression, asphyxial tendency, cold breath; laryngeal spasm. See Chest/Respiration. [Allen], [Clarke]
- Skin & glands. Suppression of sweat/eruption → internal congestion and collapse; cold, dry skin; cyanosis. See Skin/Fever. [Hering], [Boger]
- Urinary & sexual organs. Urine suppressed with collapse; sudden checking of menses; sexual sphere oscillates (excites or depresses). See Urinary/Female. [Allen], [Clarke]
- Heart & vessels. Circulatory failure, fainting, angor with icy coldness; palpitation brief, then sinking. See Heart. [Clarke], [Boericke]
- After-effects of suppression or chilling. Any function suddenly “locked” (sweat, catarrh, lochia, haemorrhoids) followed by spasm or collapse. See Generalities. [Hering], [Kent]
Better For
- From uncovering, even in intense chill; aversion to blankets. [Hahnemann], [Clarke]
- Open air, cool moving air to the face (despite general coldness). [Hering]
- Friction, rubbing, external stimulation during syncope. [Boger]
- Warm drinks internally (small sips) when there is internal burning with icy surface. [Clarke]
- Aromatics (classical note) and stimulating odours to rouse fainting. [Hughes]
- Rapid alternation of posture (briefly) to abort faint. [Allen]
- Early, decisive dosing at onset (cholera/algid) rather than late. [Nash], [Farrington]
- Letting perspiration/eruption re-appear (release of suppression). [Hering]
Worse For
- Cold air, cold wind, getting wet, sudden chilling; after collapse even slight cold overwhelms. [Hering], [Boger]
- Suppression of sweat, coryza, menses, lochia, haemorrhoids—then spasm/asphyxia. [Clarke], [Kent]
- Touch and pressure during spasm; noise and bright light (convulsive stage). [Allen]
- After sleep (wakes with chill and fear). [Tyler]
- Odours in the excitable stage (vertigo, nausea). [Hughes]
- Exertion, rising (syncope), upright posture in collapse. [Allen]
- Warm rooms in the early excitable period (faintness), yet covers aggravate in the algid stage—paradox. [Clarke]
- Loss of fluids (rapid sinking), cold diarrhoea; summer cholera. [Nash], [Farrington]
- Shock, fright, sudden bad news precipitating syncope/spasm. [Hering]
Symptomatology
Mind
A picture of extremes. In the initial excitatory phase: rapid, anxious talk, restlessness, delirious attempts to escape, even sexual excitement; then swiftly fear of death, despair, silent staring, and collapse. Intense anxiety as if choking or freezing within, with icy skin yet internal burning—a polarity that guides prescribing. Cannot bear to be covered; pushes blankets away though blue and cold, an absurdity the Camphor patient insists upon. Faint on the least motion, swoons in crowded, warm rooms, or after suppression of sweat. Trembling, fright, post-shock mutism or hysteric shrieking may alternate. Differs from Verat. (cold sweat, vomiting/diarrhoea marked, wants to be covered), Carb-veg. (air-hunger, wants to be fanned, flatulent collapse), Ars. (burning pains with intense restlessness but asks for warmth and covering). [Hahnemann], [Hering], [Allen], [Clarke], [Kent], [Tyler]
Head
Vertigo with blackness, sudden fainting, ice-cold head; frontal compression as from a band in cold winds; face pale, pinched, blue about lips. Occipital chilliness with internal heat mounting to face. Headache after suppression of catarrh/sweat; pupils dilated in collapse. Compare Acon. (fear + heat), Gels. (dull, heavy, no icy paradox). [Allen], [Clarke], [Hering]
Eyes
Glassy, fixed stare; dilated pupils; eyelids twitch in spasm; vision dims on rising then blackout. Lachrymation suddenly checked → orbital pressure. [Allen], [Hering]
Ears
Roaring, wind-like noises in chill; deafness suddenly in syncope; cold ears, cyanotic lobes. [Allen], [Clarke]
Nose
Coryza suddenly suppressed by exposure or topical embrocations → tight chest, suffocative oppression. Nostrils cold to touch; breath cool. [Hering], [Clarke]
Face
Ashen, bluish, sharp-nosed; cold sweat on forehead; jaw clenched in spasms; trismus at times. Twitchings; malar cold with inner heat. [Allen], [Hering]
Mouth
Cold tongue, cold breath; speech low, scarcely audible; saliva scant from suppression; taste lost. Burning in mouth and fauces despite coldness outside. [Allen], [Clarke]
Teeth
Chattering from chill; grinds teeth in convulsions; toothache sudden from cold air, with numb cold face. [Allen]
Throat
Constriction; cannot swallow warm liquids early (nausea), later craves warm sips for internal chill. Sensation of icy plug with burning oesophagus—Camphor paradox. [Clarke], [Hering]
Stomach
Sudden sinking at pit; nausea and retching with cold sweat; retching without relief at cholera onset. Vomiting may be absent or slight at first yet prostration extreme; burning in stomach with icy epigastrium to touch; cramps doubling patient. Differs from Ipec. (persistent nausea with little prostration) and Verat. (profuse rice-water stools + vomiting). [Hering], [Allen], [Nash], [Farrington]
Abdomen
Griping, cramping, cold belly to hand; sudden diarrhoea of thin, cold stools or inert bowels in shock; colic after getting wet; abdominal wall icy with burning within. Flatulence scant (unlike Carb-veg.). [Allen], [Clarke]
Urinary
Rectum
Choleraic tendency: collapse precedes discharges; stools may be suppressed at onset; anus cold; involuntary stool in syncope. Haemorrhoids suddenly cease → fainting/oppression. [Hering], [Clarke]
Male
Excitement (premonitory stage), then sudden impotence with collapse; testes retracted from cold; urine suppressed after exposure. [Allen], [Hughes]
Female
Respiratory
Cold air seems breathed, breath itself cold (observer feels it); irregular, sighing, apnoeic pauses in shock; laryngeal spasm; cyanosis. [Hering], [Allen]
Heart
Pulse small, thread-like, often imperceptible; palpitation brief → collapse; precordial coldness with angor animi; syncope on rising; fainting after haemorrhage suppression. [Clarke], [Boger]
Chest
Oppression as if thorax bound with iron band after suppressed coryza or sweat; cold breath, sighing, threat of asphyxia; laryngismus with blue face; cough short, suppressed, patient too weak to raise mucus. Differs from Ars. (burning with restlessness and wants warmth/covering) and Ant-t. (drowning mucus, rattling). [Allen], [Clarke], [Hering]
Back
Icy spine, especially between scapulae; rigidity in convulsions; chill creeping from sacrum upward; back drenched with cold sweat. [Allen], [Hering]
Extremities
Icy cold, blue, marbled; cramps in calves, feet, hands; nails blue; cannot keep still in excitatory phase, then limp, flaccid. Tetanic spasms, opisthotonos in severe cases; hands tremble. Differs from Cupr. (cramps with violent vomiting; blue, but craves cold drinks). [Hering], [Allen], [Farrington]
Skin
Cold, dry, pale or livid, no sweat (or cold clammy on forehead only); eruption suddenly suppressed (measles, scabies) → internal collapse; skin insensible to touch alternating with hyperesthesia. [Clarke], [Hering]
Sleep
Drowsy faintness; sleeps into a syncope; starts with spasm; dreams of ice, drowning, suffocation; wakes throwing off covers with fear of death. [Allen], [Tyler]
Dreams
Of freezing, being buried in snow, struggling to breathe; of fires that do not warm—the burning-cold polarity. [Allen]
Fever
Chill predominates: icy chill with internal burning; no thirst or desire for warm sips; heat brief, dry, then sweat scant/cold. Collapse-type fevers (malaria algid, choleraic). Patient throws off covers despite cold. [Hering], [Clarke], [Boger]
Chill / Heat / Sweat
Chill: intense, death-like, surface icy, teeth chatter, wants uncovering. Heat: short, burning within while skin stays cool. Sweat: cold, clammy on face or absent (suppressed). Reaction brings warm sweat and relief. [Allen], [Hering]
Food & Drinks
Great aversion to cold drinks in collapse; desires warm sips though cannot bear warm coverings; nausea from odours; spices and aromatics revive transiently. [Hughes], [Clarke]
Generalities
Two poles govern Camphor: (1) spasm/excitation (convulsions, tremors, shrieks), and (2) sudden collapse (icy coldness, blueness, syncope). Suppression is central—sweat, urine, menses, eruptions, coryza abruptly checked → asphyxial oppression/algid chill. The signature paradox—icy to touch yet wants uncovering; burning within yet breath cold—anchors the prescription. Compare Verat. (cold sweat, cramps, wants covers), Carb-veg. (air-hunger, wants to be fanned), Ars. (burning with restless heat-seeking). [Hahnemann], [Hering], [Allen], [Clarke], [Kent], [Boger], [Boericke], [Nash], [Farrington], [Phatak], [Tyler]
Differential Diagnosis
Collapse / Algid states
- Veratrum-alb. Cold sweat on forehead, profuse vomiting/diarrhoea, wants to be covered/warm; Camph. throws off covers, vomiting may be slight yet collapse profound. [Nash], [Farrington]
- Carbo-veg. Air-hunger, wants fanning, abdomen tympanitic; Camph. less flatulent, more suppression/icy paradox. [Clarke]
- Arsenicum. Burning pains, restless, thirst for small warm drinks, seeks warmth and covering; Camph. cannot bear covering. [Kent]
- Secale. Cold, thin, wants to be uncovered like Camph., but skin mottled, tingling with dry gangrenous tendency and desire for cold drinks. [Clarke]
- Ant-t. Rattling, drowning mucus; lack of expulsive power; Camph. more dry, suppressed with cold breath. [Allen]
Spasm / Convulsion
- Cuprum. Violent cramps with cyanosis and olive-green vomiting; Camph. has icy skin, breath cold, suppression causation. [Farrington]
- Nux-vomica. Tetanic tendency in irritable types; Camph. shows frigid collapse post-spasm. [Kent]
- Aconite. Panic with heat and tingling; Camph. cold predominates. [Tyler]
Suppression sequelae
- Sulphur. After suppression of eruption → internal heat, but Sulph. is hot, craves open air; Camph. icy, wants uncovering. [Clarke]
- Pulsatilla. Amenorrhoea from chill, mild, seeks open air; Camph. dangerous collapse, blue coldness. [Farrington]
- Opium. Retention of urine/stool with coma, warm skin; Camph. icy, anxious, not soporous. [Hering]
Cholera picture
- Camph. for earliest algid phase—collapse before discharges;
- Verat. when purging and cold sweat predominate;
- Cupr. when cramps dominate with blue face; sequence often Camph. → Verat./Cupr. as the case evolves. [Nash], [Farrington], [Clarke]
Syncope / Shock
- Tabacum. Deadly nausea, cold sweat, desire for uncovering, but deathly sinking with nausea foremost; Camph. has suppression/icy breath and fear of death. [Clarke]
- Ignatia. Hysteric faint with sighing after grief, not the icy algid of Camph. [Kent]
Remedy Relationships
- Complementary: Verat. (later cholera stage), Cupr. (cramps), Carb-veg. (rescue from asphyxial collapse), Ars. (burning and anxiety phase), Sulph. (restores reactivity after suppression). [Clarke], [Farrington], [Kent]
- Follows well: After Acon. in chill from fright; at very onset of cholera/algid; after Op. to rouse from drug-like torpor when skin turns icy. [Nash], [Hering]
- Precedes well: Verat. when vomiting/diarrhoea set in; Cupr. when cramps seize; Carb-veg. when air-hunger develops. [Farrington]
- Antidotes: Many vegetable drugs in overdose; classical antidote to Opium narcosis and to Canth. vesication; narcotics generally (Hahnemann’s note). [Hahnemann], [Clarke], [Allen]
- Inimical/Caution: High doses of camphor can antidote remedies indiscriminately; use judiciously in homoeopathic potencies. [Kent], [Clarke]
Clinical Tips
- Cholera/algid onset (collapse before discharges): Camph. 200C in rapid repetition (dry pellets on tongue) until warmth returns or sweat/urine re-appear, then pause; follow by Verat. or Cupr. if picture evolves. [Nash], [Farrington], [Hering]
- Shock/syncope after chilling or suppression (sweat/menses/coryza): Camph. promptly; uncover, rub, air; tiny warm sips. Watch for return of sweat as a good sign. [Clarke], [Boger]
- Asphyxial oppression after “stopped cold” coryza: Camph. at once; allow free nasal discharge rather than checking it. [Hering], [Clarke]
- Convulsions with icy skin, cold breath, cover intolerance: Camph. first; if cramps dominate despite reaction, think Cupr. [Farrington]
- Antidotal use: Small doses of Camph. can check medicinal aggravations or antidote crude drug effects, especially Opium. Use sparingly to avoid antidoting the curative remedy. [Hahnemann], [Clarke]
- Mini-pearls:
-
- Icy-cold yet throws off all covers—few remedies do this; Sec. may uncover but craves cold drinks and shows dry gangrenous tendency; Camph. has cold breath and suppression causation. [Clarke]
- Cold breath to the examiner’s cheek is a bedside clincher for Camph. in collapse. [Hering]
- Return of urine/sweat/eruption after Camph. often foretells recovery—do not over-dose once reaction begins. [Nash], [Boger]
Selected Repertory Rubrics
Mind
- Fear of death with icy coldness; throws off covers; anxiety in collapse. [Hering], [Clarke]
- Delirium → stupor → syncope in rapid sequence. [Allen]
- Restlessness, sexual excitement, then sudden prostration. [Hughes]
- Fainting from shock, fright, suppression of secretions. [Hering]
Head / Face
- Vertigo with blackout on rising; cold sweat on forehead. [Allen]
- Face bluish, pinched; breath cold. [Clarke]
- Head icy to touch with burning within. [Hering]
Eyes / Ears / Nose
- Pupils dilated in collapse; glassy stare. [Allen]
- Roaring in ears with chill; deafness during syncope. [Allen]
- Coryza suddenly suppressed → chest oppression. [Clarke]
Throat / Stomach
- Burning in stomach with icy epigastrium. [Hering]
- Retching without relief at cholera onset; collapse before discharges. [Nash]
- Aversion to cold drinks; desires warm sips in algid stage. [Clarke]
Abdomen / Rectum
- Cold abdomen to touch; cramps; stool cold, thin or suppressed. [Allen]
- Haemorrhoids suppressed → fainting. [Clarke]
Urinary / Genital
- Suppression of urine in collapse; scant high-coloured on reaction. [Allen]
- Menses/lochia suddenly checked by cold → syncope/icy coldness. [Hering]
Chest / Respiration / Heart
- Breath cold; sighing, irregular respiration; asphyxial tendency. [Hering]
- Oppression after checked catarrh or sweat. [Clarke]
- Pulse small, imperceptible; syncope on rising. [Boger]
Back / Extremities
- Icy spine; cold sweat between scapulae. [Allen]
- Cramps, tetanic spasms with blue cold limbs. [Hering]
- Hands tremble; nails blue. [Allen]
Skin / Generalities / Fever
- Cold, dry skin; suppressed sweat/eruption → internal collapse. [Hering]
- Icy coldness with aversion to covering; internal burning. [Clarke]
- Chill predominates; sweat cold or absent. [Boger]
References
Hahnemann — Materia Medica Pura; Chronic Diseases (1821–1830): proving data, antidotal notes, collapse/chill and suppression themes.
Hering, C. — The Guiding Symptoms of our Materia Medica (1879–1891): algid states, cold breath, cover intolerance, suppression sequelae, cholera sequence.
Allen, T. F. — Encyclopaedia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–1879): toxicology (excito-depressant), spasm → collapse, urinary and respiratory suppression.
Hughes, R. — A Manual of Pharmacodynamics / Pharmacography (1867–1868): pharmacology of camphor; rubefacient–CNS actions correlating with remedy polarities.
Clarke, J. H. — A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): keynotes—icy cold but uncovering, cold breath, suppression causes; cholera management.
Kent, J. T. — Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica (1905): comparisons (Ars., Verat., Carb-v., Sec.); ethics of antidotal use.
Boger, C. M. — Boenninghausen’s Characteristics & Repertory (1905); Synoptic Key (1915): generalities—suppression <, cold wind <, thread-like pulse; clinical sequencing.
Boericke, W. — Pocket Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica (1901): collapse, cold breath, cholera onset, antidotal cautions.
Farrington, E. A. — Clinical Materia Medica (1887): cholera sequence (Camph. → Verat./Cupr.); spasm vs collapse guidance.
Nash, E. B. — Leaders in Homoeopathic Therapeutics (1899): classic cholera pearls—collapse before discharges; prompt dosing.
Tyler, M. L. — Homoeopathic Drug Pictures (1932): bedside portrait—panic, icy uncovering, shock states.
Phatak, S. R. — Materia Medica of Homoeopathic Medicines (1977): distilled core—suppression, paradoxical chill/heat, antidotal role.
Dunham, C. — Lectures on Materia Medica (1879): reaction to chilling; autonomic balance and shock response.
Disclaimer
Educational use only. This page does not provide medical advice or diagnosis. If you have urgent symptoms or a medical emergency, seek professional medical care immediately.
