Dolichos pruriens

Latin name: Dolichos pruriens

Short name: Dolichos

Common name: Cowhage | Velvet Bean | Cow-itch | Itching Bean | Bengal Mucuna [Clarke], [Hughes].

Primary miasm: Psoric   Secondary miasm(s): Sycotic, Syphilitic

Kingdom: Plants

Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae) [Clarke], [Hughes].

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  • Symptomatology
  • Remedy Information
  • Differentiation & Application

A tropical legume of the Fabaceae whose pod-hairs contain intensely pruritogenic principles (historically “mucunain”; modern chemistry recognises proteolytic/serotonergic constituents) that provoke violent itching and wheal-like irritation even without visible eruption—an external action that faithfully prefigures the remedy’s keynote “itching without eruption” and the cholestatic/senile pruritus sphere [Toxicology—Hughes], [Allen], [Clarke]. In pharmacy, the fresh irritant hairs or seeds are tinctured and potentised; pathogenesy arises from provings compiled by Allen and Hering and abundant clinical confirmations in nocturnal pruritus, pruritus vulvæ/ani, hepatic itch with jaundice, and obstinate constipation with maddening cutaneous itch and insomnia [Hering], [Allen], [Clarke], [Boericke]. Cowhage hairs were once used crudely as a mechanical anthelmintic (vermifuge) by irritating intestinal parasites—this anthelmintic history helps explain the anal and genital border-itching recorded clinically [Hughes], [Clarke].

Seeds and hairs were employed in traditional medicine as anthelmintic (mechanical expulsion of ascarides), as a folk antipruritic/vesicant (counter-irritant), and the plant has been used agriculturally as a cover crop; ethnobotanical notes describe topical itching trials as a diagnostic of nerve endings’ integrity [Hughes], [Clarke].

Fragmentary provings and clinical pathogenesy were gathered by Hering and Allen; Clarke consolidated the picture: violent itching, worse at night and in bed, often with no rash; constipation; right-sided facial neuralgia; hepatic derangement with jaundice and pruritus; pruritus vulvæ/ani [Proving/Clinical—Hering], [Allen], [Clarke]. Early practitioners repeatedly confirmed senile pruritus, pregnancy itch, and anal/genital itching that drove to sleeplessness, together with constipation and a peculiar right-sided facial neuralgia intensifying at night [Boericke], [Boger], [Phatak].

Fragmentary provings and clinical pathogenesy were gathered by Hering and Allen; Clarke consolidated the picture: violent itching, worse at night and in bed, often with no rash; constipation; right-sided facial neuralgia; hepatic derangement with jaundice and pruritus; pruritus vulvæ/ani [Proving/Clinical—Hering], [Allen], [Clarke]. Early practitioners repeatedly confirmed senile pruritus, pregnancy itch, and anal/genital itching that drove to sleeplessness, together with constipation and a peculiar right-sided facial neuralgia intensifying at night [Boericke], [Boger], [Phatak].

  1. Remedy Kingdom and Biological Family

Plant: Fabaceae (Leguminosae) [Clarke], [Hughes].

  1. Affinity
  • Skin (peripheral sensory endings) — Violent itching without eruption; wheals, if any, are scant and secondary to rubbing; worse at night/bed warmth, better cool applications; chief sphere in senile and cholestatic pruritus [Hering], [Boericke], see Skin/Sleep/Generalities.
    Mucocutaneous bordersPruritus ani (worms/ascarides history), pruritus vulvæ (gestational/menopausal), scrotal/inguinal itching; burning and excoriation follow scratching [Clarke], [Phatak], see Rectum/Female/Male.
    Liver & bile — Itching with jaundice, dark urine, clay stools; hepatic tenderness/right hypochondrial ache; constipation; itch out of proportion to visible lesions [Hughes], [Clarke], see Abdomen/Urinary/Generalities.
    Nervous system (neuralgia/paresthesia)Right-sided facial neuralgia, worse night and motion, sometimes alternating with or accompanying skin-itch; itching of palate/ears/nostrils [Allen], [Clarke], see Face/Mouth/Ears/Nose.
    Sleep axisInsomnia from itching, mind keyed up by night-torment, with great relief after cool sponging; the skin–sleep linkage is diagnostic [Hering], [Boericke], see Sleep.
    Aged & gravid statesSenile pruritus, pregnancy itch (abdomen, breasts, vulva), lactational nipple-itch; modalities identical to the general law [Clarke], [Phatak], see Female/Skin.
    Intestines/rectum — Constipation obstinate; itching anus from ascarides; ineffectual urging; stool hard, knotty, with burning after scratching [Hering], [Allen], see Rectum.
    Teeth/gums — Itching of gums; nocturnal dental–facial neuralgias, right-sided preponderance, with sleepless itch [Allen], [Clarke], see Teeth/Face.

Cool applications, cool sponging, cool open air; patient seeks the window and the cold side of the bed [Clarke], echoed in Skin/Sleep/Generalities.
Gentle rubbing and scratching for the moment—yet after-relapse burning follows (see reciprocal under Worse) [Hering].
Night-walking in cool rooms; loosening bedclothes and ventilating reduces torment [Boericke].
Uncovering the affected part; heat-trap of clothes aggravates [Clarke].
After stool in some hepatic/anal cases when pruritus is reflex from congestion [Hughes].
Milk-baths or bland unguents (palliative) with constitutional dosing [Clarke].
Tepid—not hot—washing of genital/anal borders; patients learn this by experience

  • Night, especially after midnight; itching drives from bed and forbids sleep [Hering], [Boericke].
    Warmth of bed, heated rooms, and sweating; the itch flames under heat-trap [Clarke].
    Scratching—momentary relief, then burning and renewed itching, often without visible eruption [Hering].
    Pregnancy, senility, and lactation; hormones and skin-dryness lower thresholds [Clarke], [Phatak].
    Lying on the affected part; pressure-heat synergy [Allen].
    Constipation and hepatic congestion; itch intensifies until bowels move (liver–skin link) [Hughes], [Clarke].
    Wool, rough seams, tight garments (friction) [Clarke].
    Hot bathing; rebound itch follows, distinguishing from Rhus (better hot) [Hering].
    Sweets/greasy foods in biliary subjects (dietary aggravation by experience) [Clarke].
    Worms/ascarides—pruritus ani worsens at night (children and aged) [Allen], [Hering].

Itching without eruption / psoric surface
Sulphur — Intense itching worse warmth of bed, ragged dirty skin, scratching till raw; usually eruption present. Dolichos often no eruption, hepatic/anal border emphasis; cool strongly better [Kent], [Clarke].
Psorinum — Filthy, chilly, offensive discharge, worse cold, wants warm clothing; Dolichos is worse heat, seeks cool air, and lacks the general offensiveness [Boger], [Clarke].
Urtica urens — Nettle-rash, wheals primary, stinging, better cool; Dolichos has itch primary, wheals (if any) secondary to scratching [Boericke].
Rhus toxicodendron — Vesicular eczema, better hot bathing, worse rest; Dolichos is worse hot bathing, has little eruption [Clarke], [Hering].
Mezereum — Thick crusts, oozing, neuralgia; Dolichos lacks crust and oozing [Allen].

Hepatic pruritus / jaundice
Chelidonium — Right scapular pain, yellow tongue, hot drinks desire; pruritus variable. Dolichos: itch out of proportion, cool better, often no rash; constipation prominent [Clarke], [Hughes].
Carduus marianus — Hepatic congestion with haemorrhoids; less pure itch law; Dolichos has nocturnal skin-tyranny [Boger].
Natrum sulphuricum — Bilious states with damp weather aggravation; less border-itch keynote [Boericke].
Lycopodium — Biliary dyspepsia, 4–8 p.m. flatus, right to left; itch not central; Dolichos when itch dominates nights [Boger].

Anal/genital borders
Cina — Worms, boring nose, irritable child; anal itch with grinding teeth; Dolichos shares anal itch but adds no eruption and cool better [Hering].
Teucrium — Ascarides, anal itching at night; good when worm signs clear; Dolichos when whole case is dominated by psoric itch and heat-worse [Clarke].
Kreosotum — Pruritus vulvæ with foul discharges; more corrosive; Dolichos has clean skin, itch out of proportion [Clarke].
Sepia — Pelvic ptosis, indifference, yellow leucorrhœa; vulvar itch may occur but mental/uterine complex guides; Dolichos has cutaneous law foremost [Kent].

Senile pruritus
Arsenicum album — Burning itching better heat, restlessness, anxiety; Dolichos: better cool, no chilliness, border focus [Kent], [Boericke].
Petroleum — Winter cracks and eczema; Dolichos more summer/bed/heat driven, little eruption [Boger].
Graphites — Moist oozing eczema, fissures; Dolichos dry skin with itch and no eruption [Clarke].

Right-sided facial neuralgia (night)
Spigelia — Left-sided predominance, cardiac link, motion worse, sunlight sensitive; Dolichos right cheek, coupled to psoric itch/constipation [Kent], [Clarke].
Magnesia phosphorica — Spasmodic facial pains better heat/pressure; Dolichos is worse heat, accompanies itch [Boger].

  • Complementary: Sulphur — Both psoric; Sulph. often completes chronic terrain after Dolichos has quelled night-itch; Dolichos when no eruption, cool better [Kent], [Clarke].
    Complementary: Chelidonium — Hepatic cases; Chel. for parenchyma/right-scapular pains; Dolichos for pruritus out of proportion with constipation [Clarke], [Hughes].
    Follows well: Teucrium/Cina — When worm signs have been met but residual anal itch and general heat-worse nights persist [Hering], [Clarke].
    Precedes well: Psorinum — In obstinate psora after the acute itch tyranny is lifted by Dolichos [Boger].
    Compare: Rhus tox., Urtica urens — For urticarial or vesicular eruptions; Dolichos lacks eruption and hates hot bathing [Hering], [Boericke].
    Compare: Arsenicum — Senile pruritus, but thermal opposite (Ars. seeks heat; Dol. seeks cool) [Kent].
    Antidotes (functional): Cool open air, tepid/cool washing, light linen, bland emollients—nursing analogues of the remedy’s law [Clarke].
    Inimical: None specifically recorded in classical sources [Clarke], [Boericke].

Dolichos is psora in its starkest surface form: maddening itching with little or no eruption, ruling the night, fanned by heat, subdued by cool air and cool ablutions. The kingdom signature—cowhage hairs that provoke itching “out of all proportion”—translates precisely into the homœopathic portrait: the patient searches for a rash and finds none, yet the urge to scratch is irresistible; scratching is treacherous—giving a flash of satisfaction and then burning and renewed itch. The modalities are crystalline: worse at night, worse warmth of bed and hot bathing, worse wool/friction, better cool sponging, open air, uncovering, and light linen. These are not mere comforts; they are diagnostic laws that must reappear in the case’s behaviour (standing by the open window, flinging off covers, fleeing hot baths). The organ affinities triangulate the selection: (1) Skin borders and folds—anus, vulva, scrotum, canthi—become theatres of torment; (2) Liver—cholestatic pruritus with jaundice, dark urine, clay stools, and constipation, where the itch exceeds the rash; (3) Nerves—a right-sided facial neuralgia that shares the same nocturnal, heat-worse signature or alternates with the itch. The age and state colouring is strong: senile skin—dry, thin, reactive; pregnancy and lactation—hormone and skin-stretch contributions; both amplify Dolichos’s law.

Miasmatically the remedy is psoric, with sycotic recurrence and slight syphilitic excoriation after furious scratching. The pace is chronic–paroxysmal: quiet days, then nights of tyranny; the reactivity is peripheral (sensory endings/c-fibres) rather than exudative—hence the absence of eruption so characteristic. Core polarities sharpen the decision: cool ↔ heat, night ↔ day, uncovered ↔ covered, border surfaces ↔ deep tissue, itch primary ↔ wheal secondary. Micro-comparisons clinch selection: Rhus is better hot and shows vesicles; Urtica gives wheals first; Sulphur is also worse warmth of bed but is dirtier, often eruptive, and not so cool-seeking; Arsenicum burns and seeks heat, the thermal opposite. In hepatic cases, Chelidonium paints the liver; Dolichos paints the skin’s cry from the liver’s error. Clinically, cure demands obedience to the law: ventilate, lighten coverings, avoid hot baths, choose tepid/cool washing, swap wool for linen, and calm the diet (avoid fats/sweets). A right prescription shows itself immediately in sleep returned—the sufferer dozes through first sleep without a leap to scratch; palms/soles no longer fly from bedclothes; the anal/vulvar borders bear the contact of linen; jaundice lightens with bowel regulation. Dolichos is thus the quintessential remedy when the surface shouts, the night betrays, the heat torments, and the eye cannot find the rash that torments.

Senile pruritus: aged, itching without eruption, worse warmth of bed/hot bath, better cool air/sponging; sleep destroyed—Dolichos often succeeds where mere ointments fail [Clarke], [Boericke].
Pregnancy/pruritus vulvæ: nightly torment of vulva and abdomen, modalities as above; tepid sitz and light linen while dosing; avoid hot bathing [Phatak], [Clarke].
Hepatic itch with jaundice, dark urine, clay stools; itch disproportionate to skin findings; regulate diet (avoid fats), bowels, and ventilate bedroom; Dolichos as the similimum [Hughes], [Clarke].
Pruritus ani (worms/ascarides): nocturnal scratching, no rash; cool ablutions relieve; consider Teucr./Cina intercurrently for worms; return to Dolichos for residual heat-worse psora [Hering], [Clarke].
Right facial neuralgia, worse night, heat intolerable, alternating with days of itch; Dolichos covers this nervous extension [Clarke], [Allen].
• Potency: 6C–30C commonly; repeat in acute night paroxysms until the itch–sleep curve turns, then pause; chronic hepatic/senile cases often need 30C (weekly) or 200C at intervals when picture is pure [Boericke], [Phatak].
• Nursing adjuncts are part of the prescription: cool air, tepid/cool washing, light linen, avoid hot baths, plain diet, bowel regulation—enact the remedy’s modalities for lasting success [Clarke], [Hughes].

Mind
• Irritability—from itching; at night. Skin-driven fretfulness; cool air calms [Hering], [Clarke].
• Despair—of sleep, from severe itching. Choice guided by night tyranny [Boericke].
• Aversion to heat/warm rooms—seeks window. Behavioural modality [Clarke].
• Fastidious about clothing—wool/rough seams intolerable. Friction aggravates [Clarke].
• Better—cool sponging/air; worse—being warm in bed. Law of the remedy [Hering].
• Anxiety—pregnancy, about genital itching. Female sphere tie-in [Phatak].

Head/Eyes/Ears/Nose
• Scalp—itching without eruption; worse warmth of bed; better cool. Dolichos hallmark [Allen], [Hering].
• Face—neuralgia right-sided; worse night. Nervous extension [Clarke].
• Lids/canthi—itching; rubbing → burning. Scratch paradox [Allen].
• Ear meatus—itching; worse after hot bath. Thermal split [Hering].
• Nose/alæ—itching; seeks cool air. Border echo [Clarke].
• Nose-picking—children at night, with anal itch (worms). Etiological hint [Hering].

Mouth/Throat
• Palate—itching; must rub with tongue; hot drinks aggravate. Local modality [Allen].
• Gums—itching in dentition; sleepless from itching. Paediatric lead [Hering].
• Throat—tickling/itching without catarrh. Surface signature [Clarke].
• Taste—bitter with biliary cases. Hepatic link [Hughes].
• Better—cool sips; worse—hot fluids. Thermal rule [Allen].
• Neuralgia—right jaw at night. Dolichos neuralgic strand [Clarke].

Abdomen/Rectum
• Liver—jaundice with itching. Bile–skin axis [Hughes].
• Stools—hard, knotty; constipation with itching. Concomitant [Allen].
• Pruritus ani—worse night, worse heat, better cool washing; often no eruption. Border keynote [Clarke], [Hering].
• Ascarides—anal itch at night. Aetiology rubric [Hering].
• Right hypochondrium—sore; itch increases after fats. Diet link [Clarke].
• After stool—itch sometimes less. Reflex relief [Hughes].

Female/Male
• Pruritus vulvæ—pregnancy/menopause; worse warmth of bed/hot baths; better cool sitz. Classic Dolichos [Clarke], [Phatak].
• Nipple/areola—itching in lactation; wool aggravates. Clothing modality [Clarke].
• Scrotum/inguinal folds—itch; scratching → burning; seeks cool air. Male border rubric [Hering].
• Menses—before, itching increases (some). Temporal nuance [Clarke].
• Coition—after, vulvar burning if scratched. Border sequel [Clarke].
• Clothing—linen amel.; wool agg. Practical tip [Clarke].

Skin (core)
Itching without eruption; worse at night; worse warmth of bed; better cool air. Signature rubric [Hering], [Allen], [Clarke].
• Scratching—relieves then aggravates (burning). Diagnostic sequence [Hering].
• Borders/folds—anus, vulva, scrotum, canthi, inframammary—itch. Distribution [Clarke].
• Hot bathing—aggravates itching. Differentiates Rhus [Hering].
• Senile pruritus—bedtime worse. Age sphere [Boericke].
• Hepatic pruritus—itch disproportionate to rash. Cholestatic key [Hughes].

Generalities/Sleep
• Night—aggravation; first sleep broken. Time hallmark [Hering].
• Heat—bed/room/bath aggravates; cool/open air ameliorates. Global law [Clarke].
• Clothing—wool aggravates; linen ameliorates. Friction/thermal [Clarke].
• Uncovering—desire to uncover hot part. Behaviour [Boericke].
• Sleeplessness—from itching. Central complaint [Hering].
• After midnight—worst; pacing the room. Circadian curve [Clarke].

Hering — The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica (1879): core keynote “itching without eruption,” night/heat aggravations, scratch paradox; anal/genital borders; dentition and paediatric notes.
Allen, T. F. — Encyclopædia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–79): proving fragments—palate/gum itch, scalp itch, right-sided facial neuralgia; constipation concomitants; worm-related pruritus.
Clarke, J. H. — A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): remedy portrait—senile and pregnancy pruritus; hepatic pruritus with jaundice; modalities (cool better, heat worse); nursing guidance.
Hughes, R. — A Cyclopædia of Drug Pathogenesy (1895): toxicology of cowhage hairs; hepatic–pruritus linkage; cholestatic itch disproportionate to rash; dietary relations.
Boericke, W. — Pocket Manual of Homœopathic Materia Medica (1927): concise keynotes—itching without eruption, night aggravation, pruritus vulvæ/ani, senile pruritus, insomnia.
Boger, C. M. — Synoptic Key of the Materia Medica (1915): generalities—psoric theme, thermal modalities, relationships (Sulphur, Psorinum, Rhus, Urtica).
Kent, J. T. — Lectures on Homœopathic Materia Medica (1905): miasmatic analysis of psora; contrasts with Sulphur, Arsenicum; behaviour-guided prescribing.
Phatak, S. R. — Materia Medica of Homoeopathic Medicines (1977): practical notes—pruritus vulvæ in pregnancy/menopause; tepid sitz; cool amelioration; repetition hints.
Farrington, E. A. — Clinical Materia Medica (1887): comparisons (Rhus, Sulph., Cina, Teucr.); emphasis on border symptoms and modalities.
Nash, E. B. — Leaders in Homœopathic Therapeutics (1898): insomnia from itching; anecdotal confirmations of night/heat law.
Tyler, M. L. — Homœopathic Drug Pictures (1942): essence—“itch without eruption,” dreams of insects/heat; clear thermal polarities; elderly/pregnancy vignettes.
Dewey, W. A. — Practical Homœopathic Therapeutics (1901): therapeutic groupings—pruritus (senile, hepatic, gravid); nursing and regimen harmonised with remedy law.

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