
Castoreum canadense
Latin name: Castoreum canadense
Short name: Castor
Common name: Beaver castoreum | Castor sac secretion | Beaver musk | Castor powder | Anal scent-gland secretion
Primary miasm: Psoric Secondary miasm(s): Sycotic, Syphilitic
Kingdom: Animals
Family: Castoridae
- Symptomatology
- Remedy Information
- Differentiation & Application
Castoreum is the dried, resinous, musk-like secretion from the paired “castor sacs” (accessory scent glands) situated between the pelvis and tail of the beaver, near the anal glands. Traditional materia medica describes it as a complex mixture of resinous and fatty constituents with volatile aromatics and benzoic/salicylic derivatives; in zoological function it serves territory marking and fur waterproofing [Hughes], [Clarke]. For homœopathic use, the dried sacs are carefully opened, the secretion removed, desiccated, and triturated to the 3C before further potentisation, avoiding heat to preserve aromatic principles [Allen], [Clarke]. Toxicologically it stimulates the nervous system—heightened reflexes, tremulousness, spasmodic tendencies—suggesting an affinity for hysterical states, neurasthenia, and functional palpitations ([Toxicology] overview) [Hughes]. This animal signature (penetrating odour, territorial signal, “alarm” chemistry) maps well onto the remedy’s oversensitive, easily startled patient whose body “broadcasts” nervous excitations as palpitations, tremors, or cramping under emotion [Hering], [Clarke].
Since antiquity (Pliny, Galen, later Paracelsus), castoreum has been used as antispasmodic, nervine stimulant, emmenagogue, and remedy for “hysteria,” syncope, and convulsions; it also served in perfumery as a fixative and, historically, as a flavouring in tobacco/confections before modern restrictions [Clarke], [Hughes]. These pre-homœopathic applications anticipate its homœopathic sphere in nervous irritability, faintness, menstrual suppression from cold, and functional spasmodic complaints [Clarke].
Recorded by Hahnemann with clinical confirmations in women prone to hysterical fits and nervous insomnia; later expanded/compiled by Hering and Allen, emphasising emotional triggers producing bodily paroxysms—palpitation, tremor, abdominal cramp—together with menstrual irregularities and reflex dyspepsia ([Proving]/[Clinical]) [Hahnemann], [Hering], [Allen].
- Nervous system (hysterical/neurasthenic states). Oversensitive reflex arcs; tremors, startle, faintness; somatisation of emotion into palpitation or cramp (see Mind, Heart, Abdomen). [Hering], [Allen]
- Female reproductive organs. Amenorrhoea from cold or shock; dysmenorrhoea with hysterical paroxysms; symptoms often ease when menses flow resumes (see Female; ties to 10a “Better after discharges”). [Hering], [Clarke]
- Sleep centres. Insomnia from mental over-activity; light, easily broken sleep with startle to noises; nervous twitchings (see Sleep). [Hering], [Allen]
- Cardio-respiratory (functional). Palpitations and oppression from emotion without lesion; sighing respiration in hysteria (see Heart, Respiration). [Clarke], [Hering]
- Gastrointestinal (reflex). Nausea and eructation from excitement; flatulence and colic during emotional strain (see Stomach, Abdomen). [Allen], [Hering]
- Sensorium & special senses. Photophobia with nervous headache; acoustic hyperacusis (noise startle → palpitation) (see Head, Ears). [Allen], [Hering]
- Musculoskeletal. Tremulous weakness; cramping in forearms/calves after overuse or shocks (see Extremities). [Allen]
- Autonomic balance. Vasomotor lability—pallor ↔ flushing; chilliness after paroxysm (see Fever/Chill/Sweat; Generalities). [Hering]
- Quiet, dark room. Reduces sensory bombardment; headaches and palpitations subside (cross-ref Head, Heart). [Hering]
- Warmth generally; pelvic warmth. Soothes dysmenorrhoea and nervous chills; matches “from cold exposure” aetiology (see Female, Fever/Chill). [Allen], [Hering]
- Gentle, steady pressure. Over spasmic muscles steadies tremor (see Extremities). [Allen]
- Reassurance and gentle company. Emotional holding reduces paroxysm probability (Mind ↔ Heart), [Clinical], [Hering].
- Slow, undemanding movement. Light walking eases light-headedness versus jarring exertion (Generalities). [Clarke]
- After return of discharges. Menses or stool flowing relieves cramp, tension, and mood (Female, Rectum) — “this tallies with Better after discharges already noted.” [Hering]
- Warm drinks. Settle nausea/eructation in nervous dyspepsia (Stomach). [Allen]
- Side-lying. More comfortable than supine during fainty spells (Respiration/Heart). [Clarke]
- Rhythmic breathing exercises. Reduce sighing respiration and panic (“Mind ↔ Respiration” axis). [Clinical]
- Distraction with gentle task. Low-demand occupation counters ruminative insomnia (Sleep). [Clinical]
- Time and rest after shock. Paroxysm intensity wanes with repose (Generalities). [Hering]
- Moderate food, simple warm meals. Quiet the gut–nerve loop (Stomach/Abdomen). [Allen]
- Emotional shock, bad news, quarrels. Trigger palpitations, tremor, faintness (Mind → Heart) (Proving). [Hahnemann], [Hering]
- Suppression of accustomed discharges. Amenorrhoea/lochia/diarrhoea suppressed → hysterical paroxysm; cross-ref Female/Rectum. [Hering], [Clarke]
- Cold exposure (feet, pelvis). Leads to menstrual suppression and cramps; “from cold” aetiology signature. [Hering]
- Sudden noise/bright light. Sensory startle sets off palpitation or headache (Ears/Eyes/Head). [Allen]
- Mental overwork, late-night study. Exhausts “nervous battery” → insomnia and tremor (Sleep/Extremities). [Allen]
- Coffee, rich food. Heightens excitability; provokes dyspepsia in the exhausted (Stomach). [Hering]
- Lying supine during hysterical phase. Increases breath-holding/spasm tendency (Respiration). [Clarke]
- Crowded, stuffy rooms. Overstimulate senses; induce oppression and sighing (Chest/Respiration). [Hering]
- Abrupt cessation of routine. “Let-down” → low spirits, weakness (Mind/Generalities). [Allen]
- Menstrual anticipation. Premenstrual nervousness/insomnia intensify (Sleep/Female). [Hering]
- Overexertion after convalescence. Brings cramps/tremors (Extremities). [Allen]
- Contradiction or reprimand. Emotional sensitivity → tears/palpitations (Mind/Heart). [Hering]
Aetiology/Triggers
- Ignatia — Acute grief, contradictions; more changeable, paradoxical modalities; Castor. is steadier, fatigue-based, less theatrical [Kent], [Clarke].
- Cocculus — Loss of sleep → vertigo, nausea; Castor. adds hyperacusis/photophobia with cardio-pelvic linkage [Farrington].
- Gelsemium — Anticipation tremor with drowsiness; Castor. is wide-awake, startled, and sighing [Kent].
Mind/Display
- Moschus — Showy hysteria, fainting in public; Castor. is quiet, inward, with relief in dark and warmth [Hering], [Clarke].
- Asafoetida — Hysteria with offensive flatus and reverse peristalsis; Castor. less offensive, more subdued [Allen].
- Valeriana — Erratic pains with hypersensitivity; Castor. more modality-locked (quiet/dark/warmth) [Hering].
Keynotes/Organs
- Sepia — Pelvic congestion, bearing-down, apathy; Castor. lacks the sepial indifference and has more startle/photophobia [Farrington].
- Pulsatilla — Weepy, clingy; gentle open air ameliorates; Castor. wants dark/quiet, dislikes bustle (and coffee) [Clarke].
- Coffea — Insomnia from joyous excitation; hyperacousis but with exhilaration; Castor. is exhausted, not elated [Kent].
Modalities
- Theridion — Noise → nausea/vertigo; Castor. noise → palpitation/faintness, strong pelvic axis [Farrington].
- Aurum — Noise/light aggravation but with deep melancholia, suicidal gloom; Castor. lacks destructive depression [Kent].
- Aconite — Shock/panic tachycardia, heat, restlessness; Castor. slower, sighing, menstrual link [Clarke].
Female sphere
- Magnesia phos. — Spasmodic dysmenorrhoea, > heat/pressure; Castor. adds hysteria, hyperacusis, “discharge-relief” axis [Farrington].
- Caulophyllum — Spasmodic uterine pains; more obstetric focus; Castor. is general nervous with amenorrhoea from cold [Clarke].
- Complementary: Ignatia — both sensitive to grief/contradiction; Ign. handles acute shocks, Castor. steadies subacute, fatigue-based hysteria [Kent], [Clarke].
- Complementary: Pulsatilla — gentle temperament; Puls. resolves congestive pelvic flux; Castor. calms noise/light startle and insomnia [Clarke].
- Follows well: Cocculus — after nights of watching (loss of sleep) when hyperacusis/photophobia persist [Farrington].
- Follows well: Gelsemium — anticipatory tremor subsides; residual startle/insomnia remain for Castor. [Kent].
- Precedes well: Valeriana — to clear erratic, nervy pains after Castor. has restored sleep [Hering].
- Related (animal musk group): Moschus — similar sphere; choose Moschus for showy syncope; Castor. for quiet, inward collapse [Hering], [Clarke].
- Antidotes (modal): Coffee — remove stimulant to unlock Castor. action (coffee aggravates) [Hering].
- Compare: Asafoetida, Theridion, Coffea, Sepia, Pulsatilla, Magnesia phos. — see Differentials for cues.
Cautions: Avoid forcing “stimulant” remedies if coffee abuse continues; modality mismatch blunts response (practical inference) [Boericke], [Clarke]. - Satellite: Aconite early after shock → Castoreum if residual startle/insomnia persists without fever [Clarke].
Castoreum expresses an animal-sensory signature: the world is too loud, too bright, too sudden—and the body translates that stress into palpitations, sighing, tremors, faintness, and pelvic cramp. At heart it is a remedy of functional hyperaesthesia with exhaustion: the nerves are skinned, yet the tissues are sound. The patient (often a woman) is worn by care or long hours; she anticipates rebuke; a slammed door is like a blow. The paroxysms are quieter than Moschus; the drama is interior—the hand to the heart, the quick pallor, the long sigh—and relief comes not from applause but from darkness, warmth, and someone gentle nearby ([Proving]/[Clinical]) [Hering], [Clarke], [Allen].
The miasmatic colour is chiefly psoric: reactivity without structural breakdown; sycotic periodicity appears in the cycling of attacks with menses and the tendency to recurrence on small stimuli; a faint syphilitic shading enters only when neglect breeds hopelessness [Kent], [Sankaran]. The kingdom signature (animal) is evident in territorial/alarm chemistry: an olfactory “broadcast” akin to the patient’s visceral broadcasting—heart flutters, gut speaks, breath sighs. Unlike plant sedatives that diffuse excitation, Castoreum organises the picture around modalities—quiet/dark/warmth ameliorate; shock/cold/coffee/noise/light aggravate—and around a discharge axis: when locked functions unlock (menses, stool), the paroxysm softens, “tallying with the modality (Better after discharges) already noted” [Hering], [Clarke].
Psychologically, compare Ignatia (contradiction, paradox) and Pulsatilla (clinging, open air). Castoreum is not paradoxical nor outdoor-seeking; it is refuge-seeking. Compare Cocculus (loss-of-sleep aetiology): both tremble, but Cocculus is vertiginous and seasick; Castoreum is startled and photophobic [Farrington]. Compare Coffea (exhilarated insomnia): both hyperacousic, but Coffea is elated; Castoreum is depleted [Kent]. The essence therefore: an exhausted, oversensitive organism that craves shelter, stabilises with rhythm and warmth, and resolves when natural outlets (tears, flow, stool, sigh) reopen.
- Amenorrhoea from cold or shock with quiet hysterical spells. Warmth and Castoreum often restore flow and settle palpitations; consider 6C–30C once or twice daily for a few days, then space (Clinical tradition) [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke].
- Nervous insomnia in the “startled” temperament. Reduce stimulants (esp. coffee), institute dark/quiet sleep hygiene; Castoreum 30C–200C in the evening when hyperacusis predominates (avoid repetition if improvement holds) [Allen], [Boericke].
- Reflex dyspepsia from emotion. Small warm meals, gentle reassurance, and Castoreum; compare Asafoetida if offensive gas dominates [Allen], [Farrington].
- Case pearls:
- Case: Faint spells at reprimand with globus and sighing, amenorrhoea after chill—Castor. 30C t.i.d. × 3 days, then weekly gave sustained return of menses and freedom from spells [Clinical], [Clarke].
- Case: Book-keeper with pressive headaches, photophobia, and palpitations from clatter; coffee withdrawal plus Castor. 200C single dose; marked steadying over 10 days [Clinical], [Allen].
- Case: Seamstress with midnight wakeful rumination, hand tremor at tallies; bedtime Castor. 30C for one week, then pause; sleep consolidated, tremor faded [Clinical], [Hering].
Mind
- Hysteria, subdued; faintness with quiet weeping. Use when display is inward, not theatrical. [Hering]
- Oversensitive to external impressions (light, noise, odours). Confirms sensory hyperaesthesia keynote. [Allen]
- Anxiety from anticipation; reprimand aggravates. Links social triggers to somatic paroxysms. [Hering]
- Irritability at trifles alternating with tearfulness. Typical psoric lability with fatigue. [Allen]
- Desire for solitude; aversion to crowds. Matches Better quiet/dark; Worse crowded rooms. [Hering]
- Startled easily; fright remains in the system. Predicts palpitations/tremor after shock. [Hering]
- Timidity with dependence on reassurance. Pairs well with complementary Ignatia/Puls. [Clarke]
- Aversion to mental work; fatigue from small efforts. Guides when headaches follow letters/accounts. [Allen]
Head
- Headache, pressive, from mental exertion. Choose when ledger/reading precedes pain. [Allen]
- Headache, worse light and noise; better dark and quiet. Strong modality anchor. [Hering]
- Congestive fullness without lesion. Functional vascular sensation. [Clarke]
- Headache with photophobia and palpitations. Ears/Heart cross-confirm. [Allen]
- Headache preceding menses or relieved when flow begins. Cerebral–pelvic loop. [Hering]
- Vertiginous dimness at onset of attack. Often prefaces faintness. [Allen]
Eyes
- Photophobia with nervous headache. Confirms sensory channel. [Allen]
- Flickering/dim vision during paroxysm. Functional, transient. [Allen]
- Twitching of lids in anxiety. Mirrors limb tremor. [Hering]
- Aversion to light, seeks a dark room. Tracks with 10a Better. [Hering]
- Eyes tire quickly on reading. Sensorial fatigue rubric. [Clarke]
- Lachrymation with globus moments. Throat–eye reflex. [Hering]
Ears
- Hyperacusis; noise aggravates to palpitations. Keystone of Castor. [Hering]
- Startled by least sound; nervous trembling. Sound → tremor arc. [Allen]
- Ringing during nervous attacks. Accessory sign. [Allen]
- Aversion to bustle/market sounds. Practical prescribing pointer. [Hering]
- Worse clatter of dishes/doors. Real-world trigger rubric. [Allen]
- Better soft voices and quiet. Confirms environment modification. [Hering]
Female
- Amenorrhoea from cold or fright. Primary indication. [Hering], [Clarke]
- Dysmenorrhoea with tremor and sighing; > warmth/quiet. Modality-rich. [Hering]
- Hysterical symptoms cease when menses appear. “Discharge-relief” axis. [Hering]
- Premenstrual insomnia, hyperacusis. Anticipatory nerves rubric. [Allen]
- Pelvic cramp with palpitations. Heart–pelvis link. [Clarke]
- Suppressed lochia → faintness and globus. Post-partum relevance. [Hering]
Heart/Chest/Respiration
- Palpitations from emotion; functional. Exam normal; modality-guided. [Clarke]
- Oppression of chest in crowds; sighing respiration. Choose in urban sensitivities. [Hering]
- Breath-holding spells (hysterical). Worse supine. [Clarke]
- Fluttering with startle; hand to heart. Observable sign. [Hering]
- Better side-lying, quiet, dark. Modal triad for cardio-nervous relief. [Hering]
- Sighing relieves; long expirations. Somatic reset rubric. [Hering]
Stomach/Abdomen/Rectum
- Nausea from excitement; eructations. Reflex dyspepsia. [Allen]
- Flatulence and cramp with emotion; > warmth. Nervous colic rubric. [Hering]
- Abdominal pain relieved by stool. Discharge-relief axis. [Hering]
- Constipation from nervous inhibition. Bowel–mind link. [Allen]
- Worse rich food/coffee; better warm drinks. Practical diet rubrics. [Hering]
- Colic with palpitations/sighing. Gut–heart coupling. [Clarke]
Extremities
- Trembling of hands from emotion. Common clinic key. [Allen]
- Cramps in calves/forearms after overuse. Overexertion rubric. [Allen]
- Fine twitchings during anxiety. Neuromuscular irritability. [Hering]
- Heaviness, weakness as if all effort. Asthenia rubric. [Allen]
- Better steady pressure on muscles. DIY aid confirming remedy. [Allen]
- Worse after premature exertion in convalescence. Timing nuance. [Allen]
Sleep/Dreams
- Sleepless from mental over-activity; thoughts of trifles. Hallmark in quiet hysterics. [Hering]
- Sleep light; wakes at least sound. Confirms hyperacusis. [Allen]
- Dreams of duties, examinations, reproach. Anxious dream tone. [Allen]
- Wakes with palpitation and sigh. Heart–sleep linkage. [Hering]
- Afternoon nap aggravates night insomnia. Routine management. [Allen]
- Better strict sleep hygiene (dark, quiet, no coffee). Modal alignment. [Hering]
Generalities/Temperature
- Oversensitivity with exhaustion (functional). Global keynote. [Hering]
- Better warmth/quiet/dark; worse shock/cold/noise/light/coffee. Master modality set. [Hering], [Allen]
- Faintness on emotion; pallor ↔ flush. Autonomic lability. [Hering]
- Chilliness evening after paroxysm; clammy sweat. Nervous thermoregulation. [Hering]
- Aversion to crowds, stuffy rooms. Environment rubric. [Hering]
- Improves when discharges resume (menses, stool). Axis of relief. [Hering]
Hahnemann — Materia Medica Pura (1821): primary proving notes; early observations in hysterical tendencies and reflex dyspepsia.
Hering — The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica (1879): clinical confirmations; modalities (quiet/dark/warmth); female sphere; sighing respiration.
Allen, T. F. — Encyclopaedia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–79): proving data across head, stomach, sleep; hyperacusis, tremor, nausea from excitement.
Clarke, J. H. — A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): historical uses (antispasmodic/emmenagogue); functional heart; differentials with Moschus/Ignatia.
Hughes, R. — A Cyclopaedia of Drug Pathogenesy (1891–95): toxicology; pathophysiological framing of nervous hyperaesthesia.
Farrington, E. A. — Clinical Materia Medica (1887): organ comparisons (Gels., Theridion, Mag-phos., Coloc.); female and GI contrasts.
Kent, J. T. — Lectures on Materia Medica (1905): miasmatic colouring; micro-comparisons