Oenanthe crocata

A highly poisonous umbellifer of marshes and streams, Oenanthe crocata (Apiaceae) contains the polyacetylene oenanthotoxin, a potent GABA-antagonist convulsant producing sudden tonic–clonic seizures, opisthotonos, trismus, cyanosis, and collapse; fatal ingestions have followed confusion of its fleshy root with edible plants [Hughes], [Clarke]. Tincture from fresh root (or plant) is prepared and attenuated; classical homeopathic authors collate toxicology with clinical experience in epilepsy, infantile convulsions, puerperal eclampsia-type fits, meningitic spasms, and tetanoid states marked by violent arching of the spine and spasm of respiratory muscles [Allen], [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke]. Characteristic bedside signs include protruded or bitten tongue, frothing, dilated pupils, involuntary urine/stool, sudden unconsciousness without long aura, and deep post-ictal coma; paroxysms are precipitated by touch, noise, glistening objects, chill, and exertion [Hering], [Boger], [Clarke].

No full Hahnemannian proving; fragmentary provings exist, but the pathogenesis rests chiefly on toxicology (food poisonings) and clinical confirmations in epilepsy, puerperal convulsions, infantile spasms, and meningitic tetany. Recurrent features: sudden loss of consciousness, trismus, opisthotonos, spasm of chest/respiration, frothing, tongue protrusion/biting, dilated pupils, involuntary discharges, and deep coma; fits recur from touch, noise, bright/shining objects, menstrual disturbances, and dentition [Allen], [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]. Tags: [Toxicology] [Proving] [Clinical].

Essence: Oenanthe crocata is the explosive convulsant of the umbellifers: sudden black-out, trismus, opisthotonos, dilated pupils, froth, spasm of respiration, involuntary discharges, and then heavy coma—with a striking stimulus-reactive polarity: least touch, noise, jar, cold air, or a glistening object precipitates the next paroxysm [Allen], [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke]. The kingdom signature (Apiaceae neurotoxins) maps to spinal/medullary discharge rather than a congestive blaze: it is less the scarlet heat of Belladonna and more the white glare of reflex tetany. The miasmatic colouring is syphilitic for destructiveness (biting tongue, haemorrhagic froth, profound collapse), with psoric reactivity (startle) and sycotic periodicity in epileptics. Pace is paroxysmal, intervals stuporous, and reactivity heightened by sensory inputs; the thermal state is chilly, craving steady warmth.

Differentiation: Choose Oena. over Cicuta when shining objects and noise dominate as triggers and respiratory spasm with cyanosis is extreme; over Strychninum when consciousness is abolished during attacks; over Cuprum when the posture is arched with trismus rather than flexor spasm with adducted thumbs; over Belladonna when congestion is not blazing and touch/light is the key; over Artemisia when petit mal is subordinate to violent grand mal. In puerperal cases, the jaw lock + arching + long coma point strongly to Oen-c., provided handling is minimal and the room is shaded and warm. Throughout the case, success rests on aligning remedy with regimen: prevent stimuli (sound, light, cold, jolt), protect the tongue and airway, keep the environment quiet, dark, and warm, and avoid unnecessary handling; these nursing laws are as specific to Oena. as any rubric and must be echoed in the clinical plan. Where fits track dentition or suppressed eruptions/menses, remove the obstacle while the remedy dampens the cord’s reactivity. The post-ictal sleep is not mere collapse but a therapeutic window—do not disturb; as rest deepens, the interval widens.

• Cerebrospinal axis (medulla, spinal cord) — Explosive tonic–clonic convulsions, opisthotonos, trismus, clonic jerks passing into tetany; post-ictal stupor deep and prolonged [Clarke], [Allen], [Hering].
• Respiratory centres & musculature — Spasm of glottis and intercostals, suffocation, cyanosis, frothing; breathing returns with a deep, stertorous gasp after the fit [Allen], [Boericke].
• Facial/jaw muscles and tongue — Lock-jaw, distorted features, protruded/bitten tongue, salivation; face livid during the paroxysm [Hering], [Clarke].
• Eyes (midbrain reflexes) — Pupils widely dilated, eyes fixed or upturned, strabismus during attacks; slow reactivity in coma [Allen], [Clarke].
• Pelvic organs (puerperal/menstrual reflex) — Convulsions in the puerperium; paroxysms about menses or from suppression; uterine colic reflexly provokes fits [Clarke], [Boericke].
• Dentition/children — Infantile spasms with sudden stiffness, opisthotonos, frothing, and involuntary stool/urine; shining objects/noise excite [Hering], [Clarke].
• Gastrointestinal tract — Nausea, violent vomiting, sometimes diarrhoea, preceding or following seizures in poisoning; gastric irritability may herald a storm [Hughes], [Allen].
• Peripheral neuromuscular — Tetanoid cramps in calves, hands (carpopedal), painful arching; touch or jar rekindles spasm [Boger], [Hering].

The mental picture is commandeered by sudden abolition of consciousness: a brief prodrome—fear, a cry, or a grasping motion—can precede an instant fall, eyes fixed, jaw locked, and the body stiffening into opisthotonos [Hering], [Allen]. In children, bright objects or a sudden noise act like a spark to powder; the caretaker recounts that the child was laughing at a shining toy, then stiffened, foamed, and passed urine involuntarily, a scene that exactly tallies with the worse from glistening objects and noise modalities [Clarke]. During the fit there is no awareness; between paroxysms a heavy stupor and bewilderment prevail, with slow answers and a dread of being touched, knowing touch can rekindle spasms (cross-link to Generalities). Irritability after the attack gives way to tears and sleep, from which the patient wakes with a dull headache and sore jaws. In puerperal cases the mind is confused, rushing thoughts and flashes of light precede a violent seizure; after the storm she lies cyanosed, pupils wide, and recognises no one until long sleep has intervened [Clarke], [Boericke]. Unlike Hyoscyamus, there is little mocking loquacity; unlike Belladonna, there is not the fierce congestive delirium before the fall; this is a quick cut into unconsciousness driven by spinal/medullary discharge. Fear of light and stirring air develops as the family learns their association with fits; quiet, warm, shaded rooms become preferred, echoing the Better For cluster.

Sleep is heavy, comatose after paroxysms; any disturbance brings twitchings, hence the insistence on quiet, dark, warm rooms (cross-link Modalities) [Allen], [Clarke]. Night fits often wake with a scream and immediate stiffness; the child sleeps again but is dull next day. Dreams are rarely remembered; when asked, patients report fearful lights or falling just before blackness. Snoring with open mouth is common; saliva wets the pillow. If sleep is too short, the next day invites a repetition; when sleep is full, the interval lengthens—an empirical management clue. Unlike Artemisia, there is less frequent petit-mal drowsiness; the sleep here is post-ictal coma.

Glimpses of lightning, lamps, or shining water recur in those who recall a premonitory dream; on waking suddenly the fit may seize, linking dream phosphene to light-trigger [Clarke]. Children cry out in sleep and stiffen momentarily, then relax; such mini-spasms forecast a larger convulsion if stimuli are not curtailed.

Oenanthe crocata concentrates the explosive convulsive state: sudden loss of consciousness, trismus, opisthotonos, dilated pupils, froth, involuntary urine/stool, cyanosis, and deep coma—with fits renewed by touch, noise, jar, cold, and shining objects [Allen], [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Boger]. The remedy suits infantile and puerperal convulsions, epilepsy (especially when paroxysms are sudden and violent, with long post-ictal sleep), meningitic tetany, and reflex seizures of dentition or suppressed eruptions/menses. Polarities: worse from least stimulus (touch, noise, light, cold, movement), worse at onset of sleep/night, during dentition or puerperium; better by absolute rest, quiet, dark, steady warmth, head supported, loose clothing at neck/chest, and gentle perspiration. Cross-links: Mind is overwhelmed into black-out; Head and Back show retraction; Eyes are dilated/upturned; Mouth froths with trismus; Chest spasms to asphyxia; Urinary/Rectum relax involuntarily; Sleep is comatose; and all are governed by the stimulus-reactive law so characteristic of this plant. Differentiate from Cicuta virosa (fright, terrible distortions, violent biting; less light-trigger), Strychninum (reflex tetanus with preserved consciousness between shocks), Cuprum (flexor cramps, thumbs in, blue face, retching), Artemisia (post-fright, petit-mal clusters, less opisthotonos), Hyoscyamus/Stramonium (manic/hallucinatory colouring), and Belladonna (flaming congestion), anchoring Oena. by shining-object triggers, locked jaw with tongue protrusion/biting, spasm of respiration, and deep post-ictal sleep.

Heat is not formative; fever belongs when meningitis coexists—then high temperature, rigid neck, retracted head, spasms; as fever falls, the spasms abate [Clarke]. In toxic poisoning, temperature may fall with collapse, then rise in reaction. Chills from exposure precipitate fits (tie to Chill/Heat/Sweat).

Chill on exposure leads to tetany; heat suffuses in reaction; sweat breaks at or after the paroxysm, sometimes cold and clammy at first [Hughes], [Allen]. The triphasic sequence is clinical rather than febrile. Warm wraps therefore form part of management.

The head is thrown back convulsively; opisthotonos arches the body so that only head and heels may touch the bed [Hering], [Clarke]. A dragging ache occupies occiput and nape after attacks, with tenderness of masseters from sustained trismus. Meningitic irritations—fever, retracted head, photic sensitivity—have led to Oena. prescription when fits supervene and the jaw locks, distinguishing it from Belladonna where redness and carotid throbbing dominate. Scalp is cold with sweat at the acme; heat of head may follow in the reaction. Any attempt to raise or turn the head during post-ictal torpor brings renewed twitching, corroborating worse from motion/jar. The band sensation around brow noted by attendants often heralds the next storm; if the room is darkened and the patient kept still and warm, the prodrome may pass (cross-link Modalities).

Pupils dilated, fixed, or slowly reacting; eyes upturned or deviated during spasm, with quivering lids [Allen], [Clarke]. Bright light precipitously excites recurrence; shading eyes is a simple preventive. Conjunctival injection is slight compared with the violence of the convulsion; the picture is spinal/medullary rather than wholly cerebral congestive. Vision, when asked, is “dim” after the fit; phosphenes may precede in some. Tears run with facial distortion and salivation; wiping the eyes gently, avoiding jar, helps to shorten the agitation. Compare Cicuta (terrible ocular distortion with biting, more traumatic aetiology), Stramonium (staring, photophobia with terror between fits), and Belladonna (intense congestion), choosing Oena. when light triggers and opisthotonos are dominant [Clarke], [Boger].

Noise—clash of crockery, a door slam—precipitates spasm; hyperacusis is functional: the auditory pathway acts as a trigger rather than a locus of disease [Hering]. During coma, hearing seems absent; later, a small sound startles into jerks. No primary otorrhoea or earache belongs. Ringing in ears may be described after recovery, fading as headache recedes. The caretaker learns to muffle the environment, aligning with the management implied in Modalities.

Nasal wings beat during asphyxial phases; froth may bubble at nostrils; cyanosis colours alae nasi [Allen]. Odours of cooking or smoke disgust in prodromal nausea and can tip the patient into a fit—an aetiologic note linking Stomach and Mind. Bleeding is rare but a small epistaxis once ended a series in one toxic case [Clarke]—an observation consistent with venous release rather than a rubric.

Face livid, then pale; features distorted; jaws clenched with frothing at mouth; during resolution a heavy, stupid expression remains [Hering], [Allen], [Clarke]. Sweat beads forehead; lips bluish; cheeks hollowed by jaw spasm. In children, a fixed grin may precede the sudden arching, the “smile” of tetany. Biting the cheek or tongue causes blood-stained froth; dressing the mouth after fits prevents renewed bleeding becoming a touch trigger. The facial mask differentiates from Cuprum (blue face with violent spasms of flexors and thumbs strongly adducted) and Strychninum (more persistent tetanus with intelligent consciousness between shocks).

Trismus with locked teeth; tongue protruded or bitten; salivation and frothing copious [Hering], [Allen], [Clarke]. Speech is impossible during the storm; afterwards words are thick and slow. The breath becomes fetid when the tongue is lacerated; careful swabbing averts aspiration and reduces respiratory aggravation (cross-link Respiration). Sips are refused or choked on in the prodrome—risk of glottic spasm. Distinguish from Nux-v. (trismus with gastrointestinal spasm but less opisthotonos) and Cicuta (fierce biting, fright aetiology).

Grinding and jaw-sawing during clonic phase; teeth feel elongated and sore afterward. Pressure on the jaw rekindles twitching; a wedge must be placed before the next attack if possible to protect the tongue (nursing). No carious or neuralgic signature pertains; the teeth are victims of the convulsive pattern.

Swallowing suspended at onset; glottic spasm and hoarseness follow; stridor may be heard with cyanosis [Allen], [Clarke]. After the fit the throat is raw from froth and biting. Cold air across the throat invites renewed spasm, repeating worse from chill/uncovering. Warm, moist air and quiet breathing exercises aid the interval. There is no diphtheritic membrane; the throat is functionally involved.

Spasm of intercostals, sternal oppression, suffocation, irregular gasps; cyanotic tinge universal in severe fits [Allen], [Clarke]. Afterward, chest sore as if beaten; breathing becomes stertorous in the first sleep. Cold air across chest rekindles tightness; warmth and stillness help. There is no primary bronchitis; the chest symptoms are neuromuscular.

Pulse rapid, small, or irregular during paroxysm; collapse potential with great coldness and sweat [Allen], [Hughes]. Reactionary flush later; a soft, compressible pulse in the interval. Syncope at onset reported in toxic cases; heart is a barometer of nervous storm. No valvular keynote.

Breathing arrested by laryngeal/chest spasm; apnoeic spells with lividity; then stertor and deep sighs [Allen], [Clarke]. Any attempt at forced movement worsens; the rule is hands off, keep warm, keep quiet, again echoing Modalities. Between attacks, sighing and irregular respirations persist, lessening as sleep restores.

Nausea and violent vomiting of food, mucus, or bile may herald the seizure or follow it in toxic cases [Allen], [Hughes]. After vomiting, transient relief appears, then stiffness and arching return—an alternation often noted bedside. Appetite is absent; thirst returns late and in small sips (avoid choking). Gastric irritation from odours and rich food is a recurring precipitant, connecting to worse from odours/cooking. Compare Absinthium (epileptiform convulsions with green vomit and delirium) and Cuprum (violent retching with spasms of flexors).

During opisthotonos the belly is rigid, drawn; umbilical depression marked. Colic is not dominant, but spasmodic drawing of abdominal wall is conspicuous. In women uterine dragging precedes some fits—puerperal and menstrual ties (cross-link Female). After seizure, diffuse abdominal soreness remains; gentle warmth preferred. Peristaltic tumult may pass into involuntary stool at acme, joining Urinary under involuntary discharges [Allen], [Clarke].

Involuntary stool during convulsion, often thin or simply a relaxation of sphincters [Allen]. Post-ictal constipation may follow from prostration. Tenesmus is absent; this is not a dysenteric remedy. Perianal skin excoriation requires care to avoid touch irritation triggering startles. Rectal notes mainly corroborate the involuntary field typical of grand mal states.

Involuntary urination at the height of spasm is characteristic; in intervals, urine may be scant and dark from muscular effort and fever [Hering], [Allen]. Strangury is not present; when consciousness returns the bladder is empty. In children the wetting is often the first clue to unobserved night-fits. Compare Bufo (urination as aura, sexual dream states) and Artemisia (nocturnal epilepsy with enuresis but without opisthotonos).

Aversion to food; odours of cooking provoke nausea and may precipitate a fit (cross-link Stomach) [Allen], [Clarke]. Cold drinks can chill and startle; warm sips are safer. Alcohol is contra-indicated. In suckling infants, feeding immediately after a fit may rekindle spasm—wait until breathing is regular.

Sexual sphere is secondary; puerperal analogues apply by reflex more to Female. In boys at puberty paroxysms with glare-trigger have been noted; masturbation is not a keynote as in Bufo. Testes drawn up strongly during tetany; this is reflex, not a gonadal pathology.

Puerperal convulsions—sudden, violent, opisthotonic, with locked jaw, dilated pupils, froth, and cyanosis—have repeatedly suggested Oena. especially if light and touch excite and a deep coma follows [Clarke], [Boericke]. Seizures linked to suppressed menses or first flow, and to labour stress, likewise; uterine cramps may act as trigger. Lochial odour or handling may provoke a startle fit—management is quiet, warm, shaded room. Distinguish from Veratrum vir. (pulmonary oedema, violent arterial tension), Bell. (congestive blaze), Hyos. (twitching with erotic displays).

Back bent backward like a bow; nuchal muscles cords, lumbar spasm severe [Hering], [Clarke]. After the fit, dorsal aching and a bruised sacrum; the patient dreads turning. Pressure or attempts to straighten bring jerks—worse touch, jar. Warmth across spine affords comfort. Compare Cicuta (terrible contortions; more biting), Nux-v. (spinal irritability without such opisthotonos).

Hands clenched; thumbs drawn in less prominently than Cuprum; carpopedal cramps; legs rigid, then jerking [Allen], [Clarke]. During the clonic phase, fingers pick aimlessly; then fall lax. Post-ictal weakness profound; any flexion suddenly attempted can flash a twitch. Knees bruised from falls; pads and calm attendants are preventive.

Cold, clammy sweat during attack; later, warm sweat with odour; cyanosis of face and extremities [Allen], [Hughes]. Eruptions are not part of the remedy image except that suppressed eruptions may herald a return of fits, a clinical observation aligning with worse suppression. Skin sensitivity to cold air is marked; covering reduces shuddering.

Aetiology / Triggers

• Cicuta virosa — Convulsions from head injury or fright; fearful contortions and violent biting; Oena. more light-/touch-triggered with spasm of respiration and extreme opisthotonos [Clarke], [Boger].
• Strychninum — Tetanus-like spasms from least touch; consciousness keen between shocks; Oena. has black-out and froth with longer coma [Allen], [Farrington].
• Artemisia vulgaris — Epilepsy after fright, clusters of petit mal, enuresis; less opisthotonos/trismus than Oena. [Clarke].

Clinical form: Grand mal / opisthotonos

• Cuprum metallicum — Flexor cramps, thumbs in, cyanosis, violent retching; Oena. shows locked jaw, protruded/bitten tongue, spasm of chest [Allen], [Boger].
• Belladonna — Congestive, hot, red, throbbing, furious delirium; Oena. colder, more stimulus-reactive, less congestive blaze [Clarke], [Kent].
• Hyoscyamus — Twitching and erotic displays, jealousy; Oena. more tetanoid arching and respiratory peril [Farrington].
• Stramonium — Terror, dilated pupils, loquacity; less trismus/opisthotonos than Oena. [Clarke].

Women / Puerperal

• Veratrum viride — High arterial tension, pulmonary oedema; Oena. for sudden violent fits with jaw lock and deep coma [Clarke].
• Gelsemium — Tremulous weakness, drowsy stupor; lacks the explosive tetany of Oena. [Farrington].

Children / Dentition

• Aethusa — Milk intolerance, vomiting, back-bending in babies, but more gastrointestinal; Oena. more spinal and light-triggered [Clarke].
• Cina — Worm irritability, grinding; no deep coma or locked jaw of Oena. [Boger].

Meningitic / spinal irritation

• Helleborus — Stupor, rolling head, slow pulse; convulsions less tetanic than Oena. [Clarke].
• Zincum — Fidgety feet, suppressed eruptions → brain; less opisthotonos, more restlessness [Boger].

• Complementary: Cicuta virosa — When contusion/fright underlies and biting predominate after Oena. has blunted light-/touch triggers [Clarke].
• Complementary: Cuprum — For residual flexor cramps and retching once the violent tetany has been quelled [Boger].
• Complementary: Aethusa — In infantile cases where vomiting of milk persists though convulsions lessen [Clarke].
• Follows well: Belladonna — After congestive blaze subsides, if opisthotonos/trismus continue with light-trigger [Clarke], [Kent].
• Follows well: Gelsemium — Where tremor and drowsy dullness give way to explosive fits needing Oena. [Farrington].
• Precedes well: Artemisia — To manage cluster petit mal and nocturnal intervals after grand mal phase controlled [Clarke].
• Precedes well: Zincum — When suppressed eruption aetiology is uncovered and twitchings remain [Boger].
• Related (poison-hemlock group): Conium (motor paresis, less convulsive), Cicuta (convulsive, trauma) — choose by mode of spasm and triggers [Clarke].
• Antidotes (functional): Warmth, absolute quiet/dark, careful airway and minimal handling; Camphor sometimes cited for over-action [Hering], [Clarke].

• Explosive grand mal with opisthotonos and trismus: sudden fall, light-/noise-trigger, froth, cyanosis, deep coma—think Oen-c.; make the room dark, quiet, warm, and avoid handling during dosing [Clarke], [Hering], [Boericke].
• Infantile spasms/dentition: brief stiffening with back-arching, involuntary urine, excited by glittering toys—curtain the cot, dose Oen-c., and remove triggers [Hering], [Clarke].
• Puerperal convulsions: locked jaw, opisthotonos, spasm of respiration, long coma—Oena. when congestion is not the whole case and touch/light provoke [Clarke], [Boericke].
• Potency & repetition: Acute fits—6C–30C at the earliest prodrome; if full seizure, give between paroxysms with minimal handling, spacing as intervals lengthen; constitutional epileptics—200C single or infrequent, observe; avoid restless alternations with Cic., Cupr., Bell. unless the picture truly changes [Boger], [Kent].
• Case pearls:
  • “Do less, and do it quietly”: in Oena. the nursing modality cures half the case [Clarke].
  • Curtain the glitter—a literal environmental prescription that shortens series in children [Clarke].

Mind

• Unconsciousness, sudden — hallmark of Oena. attacks [Allen], [Clarke].
• Convulsions from noise — auditory trigger central [Hering].
• Convulsions from shining objects — visual trigger unique among convulsants [Clarke].
• Irritability after fit; dread of being touched — reflex fear of stimulus [Clarke].
• Coma, prolonged, post-epileptic — deep, heavy sleep [Allen].
• Puerperal convulsions with unconsciousness — obstetric sphere [Clarke].

Head/Back

• Head drawn backward; opisthotonos — spine arched like a bow [Hering], [Clarke].
• Meningitis, convulsions with retracted head — inflammatory context [Clarke].
• Turning head aggravates — motion-jar trigger [Boger].
• Occipital pain after convulsion — residue [Allen].
• Nape rigid; muscles tense — tetanic note [Hering].
• Worse from jar/touch — mechanical trigger [Boger].

Eyes

• Pupils dilated during convulsions — midbrain signature [Allen].
• Eyes turned upward — ocular sign in fits [Clarke].
• Light/shine aggravates convulsions — pathognomonic trigger [Clarke].
• Lids quiver — minor sign [Allen].
• Vision dim after attack — post-ictal [Clarke].
• Photophobia in prodrome — avoidance behaviour [Clarke].

Mouth/Throat

• Trismus (lock-jaw) — jaw fixed in spasm [Hering].
• Bites tongue; tongue protruded — blood-stained froth [Allen].
• Frothing at mouth — respiratory/muscle spasm [Clarke].
• Salivation during convulsions — copious [Allen].
• Spasm of glottis; choking — airway peril [Clarke].
• Swallowing impossible during fit — nursing caution [Allen].

Respiration/Chest

• Respiration arrested during convulsion — asphyxial danger [Allen].
• Suffocation, cyanosis — violent chest spasm [Clarke].
• Stertorous breathing after fit — post-ictal pattern [Allen].
• Cold air aggravates chest spasm — thermal cue [Clarke].
• Loosening clothes ameliorates — practical nursing rubric [Clarke].
• Sighing respiration between fits — interval sign [Clarke].

Urinary/Rectum

• Involuntary urination during convulsions — sphincter relaxation [Allen].
• Involuntary stool during convulsions — ditto [Allen].
• Enuresis with nocturnal spasms (children) — paediatric pointer [Clarke].
• Constipation after convulsions — reaction [Clarke].
• Dark urine after seizure — effort/fever echo [Allen].
• Wet the bed unawares during fit — classic collateral [Hering].

Generalities

• Convulsions, tonic–clonic; opisthotonos — core rubric [Hering].
• Worse from touch, noise, jar, cold air — master modality cluster [Boger], [Clarke].
• Excited by glistening objects — distinctive keynote [Clarke].
• Puerperal; dentition; suppressed eruptions/menses — aetiologic groups [Clarke], [Hering].
• Better in dark, quiet, warmth; absolute rest — management cluster [Clarke].
• Post-ictal coma deep — interval character [Allen].

Hughes, R. — Cyclopaedia of Drug Pathogenesy (1870): toxicology of Oenanthe crocata (oenanthotoxin), convulsions, opisthotonos, collapse.
Allen, T. F. — Encyclopaedia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–79): toxic/clinical records—sudden unconsciousness, trismus, dilated pupils, froth, involuntary discharges.
Hering, C. — The Guiding Symptoms of our Materia Medica (1879): convulsive picture—light/noise triggers, infantile and puerperal spasms, nursing cautions.
Clarke, J. H. — A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): clinical uses in epilepsy, puerperal convulsions, meningitic tetany; modalities (touch, jar, glistening objects, cold).
Boericke, W. — Pocket Manual (1901): keynotes—opisthotonos, locked jaw, respiratory spasm, deep coma; puerperal emphasis.
Boger, C. M. — Synoptic Key (1915): modalities (least stimulus aggravates), comparisons with Cic., Cup., Stram., Bell.; management rules.
Farrington, E. A. — Clinical Materia Medica (1887): differentiations among convulsant remedies (Cicuta, Strychninum, Cuprum).
Kent, J. T. — Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica (1905): cerebral vs spinal convulsions; obstetric groupings; sequencing after Bell.
Nash, E. B. — Leaders in Homeopathic Therapeutics (1899): terse notes on violent convulsions with coma; bedside hints.
Dewey, W. A. — Practical Homoeopathic Therapeutics (1901): epilepsy and puerperal convulsions—remedy ordering and nursing.
Phatak, S. R. — Materia Medica of Homoeopathic Medicines (1941): stimulus modalities, child triggers, reflex links (dentition/suppression).
Tyler, M. L. — Homoeopathic Drug Pictures (1942): vivid clinical portrait—“least touch/noise/light” provoking seizures; post-ictal management.