Kalium bromatum

An inorganic halide of potassium long used in orthodox medicine as a sedative, anticonvulsant and “nervine” for epilepsy, hysteria and insomnia; prolonged crude administration produced the classic “bromism”: mental dulness, loss of memory, staggering gait, acneiform and tuberous eruptions, aphonia, sexual depression and impotence, with peripheral numbness and anaesthesia—features which map directly to the homœopathic picture [Hughes], [Clarke], [Allen]. Toxicology repeatedly records night terrors in children, stupor alternating with restless fidgeting of hands, and coarse acne of face, shoulders and back; suppression of the eruption was followed by grave nervous symptoms, a direction-of-disease axis used by homœopaths [Hering], [Clarke]. In pharmacy the crystalline salt is triturated and potentised; the remedy’s sphere centres on the brain-cortex (insomnia, night terror, epilepsy, chorea, melancholia with delusions), the skin (acne, bromoderma), the sexual organs (nymphomania, satyriasis followed by impotence) and the laryngo-respiratory tract (child coughs in sleep and does not waken) [Boericke], [Farrington], [Phatak].

Our knowledge rests on [Toxicology] (bromism) and numerous [Clinical] provings and observations compiled by Allen, Hering, Clarke and others. Recurrent confirmations: night terrors and somnambulism; insomnia with incessant motion of hands; inability to find words or recall names; fear of being pursued; chorea improved by occupation; epilepsy (especially from sexual excesses); acne and bromoderma; cough in sleep without waking; modalities—worse at night, worse heat of bed, worse idleness; better from occupation, cool open air, and cold applications to eruptions [Allen], [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke], [Farrington], [Phatak].

Kali-bromatum is the bromide mind in a homœopathic mirror: a night-ridden sensorium full of images and pursuit, set on a body that breaks out in coarse acne and whose fingers cannot keep still unless the mind is occupied. The essence is a polarity—excitement and erethism when young (sexual and cerebral), then numbness and dulness (“bromism”) when the surface is suppressed. The child shrieks in his sleep, walks about, coughs or wets the bed without waking; the adolescent cannot sleep for thronging thoughts and fantasies and breaks out in indurated pustules that smart in the heat of bed; the adult alternates between dullness by day and spectres by night. This is the salt of occupation: steady work calms, idleness sets the piano-playing fingers going; cool open air cools both face and cerebrum; heat of rooms and bed inflames the skin and the fidgets. In sexual life, the curve bends from early lasciviousness to late impotence with melancholy; indulgence brings on insomnia, palpitations, even fits; abstinence and occupation restore measure [Clarke], [Farrington], [Kent].

As a kingdom signature (mineral, halide) it governs thresholds and inhibition: too little inhibition at night—images break in; too much inhibition by day—dulness, forgetfulness, aphasia. Its miasmatic stain is sycotic–syphilitic: thick, indurated, recurrent eruptions and sexual storms (sycosis) playing into cortical decline, epilepsy, delusion and anaesthesia (syphilis), with a psoric veil of functional insomnia and fear [Boger], [Kent]. The time and thermal signature are unmistakable: night-worse, heat-worse; better cool air and cold applications; better occupation and company. The single most discriminating physical keynote—“cough in sleep without waking”—weds the sleep sphere to the larynx and has high bedside value in children [Hering], [Allen].

Differentiation hinges on the duet of night terrors/insomnia + bromoderma-type acne with fidgety fingers and better occupation. Bromium is the hot-room, left-gland laryngeal salt; Kali-iod. the iodide with hot, emaciated, coryzal subject and iodine acne; Zincum the fidgety-feet brain-fatigue; Coffea the bright, happy insomnia; Stramonium/Hyos the florid delirium; Bufo the genital-aura epilepsy. In the clinic, treat the case as the remedy dictates: do not suppress the eruption; cool the room; occupy the mind; avoid night stimulants and sexual excess; use the similimum to re-establish sleep, open the skin, and quiet the pursuit-images. Then the hands grow quiet, the face clears with the nights, and the mind retrieves its words.

• Cerebral cortex and higher centres — insomnia, night terrors, loss of memory, confusion of words, hallucinations of pursuit; epileptiform states; chorea that steadies when occupied (see Mind / Sleep / Respiration). [Hering], [Clarke], [Allen]
• Peripheral nerves — numbness, anaesthesia, staggering gait, tremulousness; “fidgety hands,” constant motion of fingers (see Extremities / Generalities). [Allen], [Hughes]
• Skin and appendages — acne, papulo-pustular and tuberous “bromoderma,” indurated acne of face, back and shoulders, worse heat of bed and at puberty (see Skin). [Clarke], [Hering], [Boericke]
• Sexual organs — early erethism (nymphomania, satyriasis) sinking to impotence; emissions with melancholy; prostatorrhœa (see Male / Female). [Clarke], [Farrington]
• Larynx / respiratory — cough in sleep without waking; laryngismus; hoarseness from nervous exhaustion (see Throat / Chest). [Hering], [Boericke]
• Sleep sphere — somnambulism; night terrors of children with enuresis; sleeplessness from cerebral activity (see Sleep / Dreams / Urinary). [Hering], [Allen]
• Heart–mind axis — palpitation from fright or night terror; neuro-cardiac flutter in nervous subjects (see Heart / Mind). [Clarke]
• Eyes — ptosis from nerve-fatigue; dull, vacant gaze during bromism; pupils sluggish (see Eyes). [Allen], [Hughes]
• Stomach — nausea with nervousness; “sinking” at epigastrium during aura; aversion to food at night (see Stomach). [Allen], [Farrington]
• Urinary — enuresis in children with night terrors; frequent small urinations during anxiety (see Urinary). [Hering], [Clarke]
• Glands — ovarian and testicular irritation shifting to atony; acne flares round menses or sexual excess (see Male / Female / Skin). [Clarke], [Phatak]
• Direction — suppressed skin → brain symptoms; idleness → mental gloom; occupation → composure (see Generalities). [Hering], [Kent]

The Kali-br. mental state oscillates between anxious images and a dull bromide cloud. Thoughts crowd at night; he lies sleepless with a sense that someone is behind him or following; if he sleeps he starts with horrid dreams and night terrors, grasping for support, which tallies with the aggravation at night already noted [Clarke], [Allen]. By day he is slow, vacant, forgetful; cannot recall names or the last sentence he has read; words slip away and speech falters, a toxicological stamp of bromism [Hughes], [Allen]. Children are restless in the fingers—ceaseless motion as if playing a piano; they cannot be still when idle, yet settle and grow cheerful if kept occupied, echoing the amelioration from occupation [Hering], [Kent]. Fear is concrete—of being pursued, of ghosts in the dark, of some impending misfortune rather than abstract doom; the presence of company reassures, cross-linking with the Better For list [Clarke]. Sexual thoughts obtrude in youth with tormenting erections and lascivious fancies, but later there is impotence with melancholy and shame, a swing recorded repeatedly in clinical notes [Farrington], [Clarke]. Cases of puerperal mania with erotic speech alternate with phases of stupefaction; in adolescents acne and nervous insomnia come together, and when eruptions are suppressed the mind darkens and sleeplessness grows worse—a pivoting relation between skin and brain [Hering], [Kent]. In epilepsy he grows taciturn and morose before the fit; after the attack he is dull, drooping, and disinclined to speak. Chorea is soothed by occupation—needlework steadies the hands; idleness renews the twitching [Clarke], [Boger].

Sleepless the first half of night from crowding thoughts and images; towards morning he dozes; a small exertion by day makes him drowsy, yet at night the fidgets return—clear circadian polarity [Allen], [Clarke]. Night terrors in children: sudden shriek, starts up, eyes open but does not know parents; grasping at the air or throat; enuresis may occur; child sinks back and sleeps again—strong bedside concordance with Kali-br. [Hering]. Somnambulism; walks about, stares, returns to bed without waking memory. Cough during sleep without waking is a distinguishing sleep rubric (Respiration link).

Frightful, of being pursued; of ghosts; of falling; of suffocation with clutching at the throat; sexual dreams in youth with emissions (Mind/Female/Male). Dreams fade in morning dullness—bromism veil [Clarke], [Allen].

Kali-br. integrates a cortical-skin polarity with a sexual-nerve pendulum. Centrally, the patient is sleepless at night from crowding ideas and images, haunted by pursuit and ghosts; children shriek in night terrors, may walk about, cough or pass urine without waking; by day a bromide haze descends with forgetfulness, aphasia, and numbness—a bromism alternation [Allen], [Clarke], [Hughes]. The hands tell the tale: fidgety, piano-playing fingers when idle, stilled when the mind is occupied—hence the master modality, “better occupation; worse idleness” [Hering], [Kent]. The skin mirrors the salt: coarse, indurated, pustular acne and bromoderma, worst at night and in heat of bed, relieved by cool air and cold applications; suppression of the eruption aggravates the brain and nerves, a direction repeatedly emphasised by Hering [Hering], [Kent]. Sexuality oscillates—erethism in youth to impotence and melancholy later, with epilepsy or chorea worsened by sexual excess and improved by abstinence [Farrington]. The respiratory keynote—cough in sleep without waking—stitches the sleep and laryngeal spheres and distinguishes Kali-br. from the deep laryngeal Bromium. Thus the totality: night-worse, heat-worse, idleness-worse; better cool air, cold applications, company and—above all—occupation.

Slight evening heat with hot head and burning face during acne flares; little thirst; pulse soft. Night terrors may be accompanied by transient heat and sweat which do not relieve unless sleep returns (Sleep ↔ Perspiration).

Chilliness after midnight on exposure of hands/feet; yet heat of bed aggravates skin and restlessness—paradox resolved by cool air with light covering (modalities) [Clarke]. Sweat cold and clammy during fright; morning sweat after at last sleeping.

Pressure on vertex or occiput relieves a cramming, congestive ache brought on by mental effort, heat of the room or sun on the head; confusion follows late-night study, which cross-refers to the Worse For (mental exertion at night) [Allen], [Clarke]. Vertigo is common on rising from bed at night; the gait staggers with numb limbs—bromide neurology. Head feels heavy and hot when the skin burns; cool air refreshes (modal echo). There is a pale, anxious face with dark under-eyes in insomniacs; pupils sluggish; a dull, stupid expression belongs to the daytime bromism. Neuralgic pains wander, but most head symptoms are congestive and functional, receding when sleep returns towards morning or after a cool walk (Mind/Sleep).

Dull, vacant gaze; lids tend to droop (ptosis) after wakeful nights; pupils somewhat dilated and sluggish to light [Allen], [Hughes]. Vision blurs when thoughts crowd; sparks or floating specks appear with palpitation from fright. Photophobia from sun heat on head is recorded; bathing the eyes in cool water soothes (modal echo). Lachrymation may be scant; margins of lids sometimes studded with acne-like papules tracing the skin affinity. Children rub eyes in night terrors without fully waking (Sleep link).

Noises aggravate the startle reflex at night; sudden sounds precipitate a clutching at the throat in nervous children (Mind/Throat). Tinnitus accompanies insomnia; hearing seems muffled by day in the dull phase, then oversensitive at night during terrors—oscillation typical of the remedy [Clarke]. Catarrh is not a chief feature, but Eustachian clog may coexist with acne in puberty flares.

Cold, pale nose in insomniacs; acne at the base and on the alæ; picking during terrors yields a spot of blood (Skin/Night link). Bromide users show thickened nasal skin and coarse pores; bromoderma nodosum about nostrils is recorded [Clarke], [Hughes]. Smell of phantom odours (as of smoke) in anxious states betrays cortical irritability.

Acne and bromoderma are keynote: papulo-pustular, indurated nodules on cheeks, forehead and chin; bluish-red, tender, with yellow heads or tuberous masses; worse heat of bed, better cool air and cold applications [Hering], [Clarke], [Boericke]. Expression is heavy and careworn after sleepless nights; lips dry with nervous licking. A tremulous smile appears during fidgets of hands—restlessness is more distally expressed.

Tongue coated in night students; speech thick; words fail and are replaced wrongly; aphasia after fits is noted [Allen]. Mouth dry at night; thirst small; breath odourless. Grinding of teeth may attend night terrors in children; the jaw is set during a convulsion (Mind/Respiration).

No special odontalgia apart from nervous grinding and soreness of gums during acne treatments. Teeth feel long after wakeful nights; cold water before bed aggravates twitching (modal nuance).

Nervous larynx: a dry, tickling throat-cough at night that continues though the child sleeps on—a distinguished rubric for Kali-br. [Hering], [Allen]. Laryngismus with sudden clutching at the throat in fright; voice weak from nervous fatigue after speaking long (Throat ↔ Mind). Mucosa otherwise normal; the lesion is functional irritability rather than exudative disease (contrast Bromium). Warm rooms increase tickle; cool air relieves, echoing modalities [Boericke], [Clarke].

Palpitation from fright at night; sighing respiration in wakeful hours; chest feels light but fluttering [Clarke]. A nervous cough comes on in sleep—the child coughs yet does not waken; in adults a teasing laryngeal tickle at night is classic, better cool air and worse a warm room (echoing modalities) [Hering], [Boericke]. No heavy bronchial exudation belongs here (contrast Bromium and Hepar).

Neuro-cardiac irritability more than structural disease: palpitations from sudden emotion, from nocturnal fancies, or after sexual excess; pulse quick, soft; attacks pass with cool air and reassurance [Clarke]. Anxious oppression may precede a fit.

Laryngismus, sudden grasping at the throat in children from fright; cough during sleep without waking; hoarseness from over-use of voice and wakeful nights [Hering], [Allen], [Boericke]. Breath is easy in cool air; warm rooms excite tickle (modal echo).

Nervous dyspepsia of night-workers: faint “sinking” at epigastrium towards midnight; a few mouthfuls cool and light relieve; stimulants aggravate insomnia and tremor [Allen], [Clarke]. Nausea with aura in epileptics—rises from stomach to head, then a blank; after the fit, great emptiness and thirst for cool water. Appetite oscillates; late heavy suppers and wine are clear offenders (modalities).

Fluttering in epigastrium precedes palpitation or panic; flatulence in the wakeful second-half of night; better cool walking and quiet conversation (Mind/Heart). Constipation alternates with loose stool in nervous spells; abdomen otherwise quiescent.

Constipation in sedentary, anxious youth with acne; stool dry from heat of bed; morning relief after a cool walk. Night terrors in children sometimes end with a sudden stool in sleep—family complaint helpful in remedy choice [Hering].

Enuresis accompanies night terrors and somnambulism; the child passes water during a shriek and settles again without waking, cross-linking the sleep-cough keynote [Hering], [Clarke]. Anxiety causes frequent small urinations; urine otherwise normal. In bromism traces of albumen have been noted (toxicology).

Aversion to wine, coffee and rich late suppers—provoke wakefulness and palpitation; desire for cool water sipped in night-watches; little appetite at night, better for a light, cold collation earlier (Food ↔ Sleep) [Clarke]. Salt craving is not marked (contrast Nat-m.).

Early sexual erethism with lascivious imaginings, excitement from the least provocation, then later impotence with emissions, prostatorrhœa and profound melancholy—sequence strongly marked [Clarke], [Farrington]. After coitus he is sleepless, full of images, regret and palpitation (links to Worse For: sexual excess). In epileptics, fits cluster after indulgence; abstinence improves. Acne on shoulders and back accompanies the sexual storms (Skin link).

Ovarian irritation and pelvic erethism with erotic dreams; nymphomania in puerperal and climacteric states alternating with mental dulness; menses may be delayed by night-work and mental strain [Clarke], [Hering]. Acne flares before menses and abates after the flow (Skin ↔ Female). Sleeplessness and terrors are worse about the period; cool air and occupation ease mood.

Cervico-dorsal weariness after sleeplessness; trembling between shoulders; a small spot aching at lower dorsal region after night terrors—functional rather than inflammatory [Clarke]. Heat of bed increases restlessness; a cool sheet calms.

Constant motion of fingers; twitchings, fumbling, picking—ceaseless piano-playing hands in idle moments (a vivid keynote) [Hering], [Clarke]. Tremulousness of hands when excited; legs weak on rising at night; staggering gait in bromism [Hughes]. Numbness and diminished tactile sense follow long insomnia; cool walking steadies.

Acne, papulo-pustular and tuberous; indurated nodules with cyanotic tinge; face, chest, back and shoulders most; worse heat of bed and warm rooms; better cool air and cold applications [Clarke], [Hering], [Boericke]. Bromoderma nodosum/ulcerans: large, dark-red tubers or vegetations with crusts; suppression by ointments intensifies mental and nervous symptoms—central clinical law (Skin ↔ Mind) [Hering]. Itching is moderate, burning slight; the lesions are chiefly pustular/indurated. Nails and hair usually unaffected.

• Aetiology / Nervous sphere

  • Bromium — laryngeal spasm, left-sided glands, worse warm room; less insomnia/terror and lacks the “cough in sleep” keynote. Kali-br. centres in cortical exhaustion, skin, and night terrors. [Clarke], [Farrington]

  • Zincum — restless, fidgety feet (vs. Kali-br. fidgety fingers); brain-exhausted children; both better from occupation. Zinc. shows greater hyperaesthesia and less acne tendency. [Kent], [Boger]

  • Coffea — joyous excitability with insomnia; no bromoderma or fear of pursuit. Kali-br. instead shows anxious night-images and daytime dulness. [Kent], [Clarke]

• Mind / Sleep (night terrors, somnambulism)

  • Stramonium — terror of darkness, violent, loquacious, spasmodic; lacks acneous skin. Kali-br. has quieter dread, cough or enuresis during sleep. [Hering], [Clarke]

  • Hyoscyamus — sexual mania, jealousy, buffoonery; acne not marked. Kali-br. slower, duller, more anxious with bromism. [Farrington]

  • Arsenicum — fear of death, wants company, chilly; burning pains, tidy restlessness. Kali-br. is not so burning or tidy, but has bromoderma and cough-in-sleep. [Kent]

• Acne / Bromoderma

  • Kali-iodatum — iodide acne with coryza, emaciation, heat. Kali-br. has indurated, bluish-red nodules, worse heat of bed, with mental dulness. [Clarke], [Hughes]

  • Hepar sulph. — pustular acne in very chilly, hypersensitive subjects; mental state not bromism; tends to suppuration. Kali-br. indurates rather than suppurates. [Boericke]

  • Sulphur — itchy, burning, heat-worse eruptions with philosophical mental tone. Kali-br. is anxious, terror-ridden at night, with fidgety hands. [Kent], [Nash]

• Sexual sphere / Epilepsy

  • Bufo — epilepsy with genital aura, lasciviousness, stupidity after; skin not acneous. Kali-br. improves by occupation and abstinence, has cough-in-sleep keynote. [Farrington]

  • Agnus castus — impotence with depression and loss of libido; less insomnia/terror. Kali-br. shows earlier sexual erethism and acne eruptions. [Clarke]

  • Selenium — emissions with debility and sexual thoughts, craving stimulants; less skin involvement. Kali-br. has bromoderma and cortical symptoms. [Kent]

• Cough during sleep

  • Drosera — spasmodic night cough that wakes the patient; husky voice. Kali-br. child coughs on in sleep without waking. [Hering], [Boericke]

  • Phosphorus — tickling larynx, thirst for cold drinks, nervous, cough wakes them; lacks acne keynote. Kali-br. is better hot drinks, with bromoderma. [Farrington]

• Complementary: Zincum — mutual relief in brain-exhaustion; Kali-br. quiets night terrors, Zinc. restores reactive power in school-children. [Kent], [Boger]

• Complementary: Agnus castus — follows in impotence and melancholia after erethism has passed. [Clarke]

• Complementary: Sulphur — rouses reactive vitality in chronic acne; Kali-br. then consolidates night-sleep. [Nash], [Kent]

• Follows well: Nux vomica — after drugging or stimulant insomnia; Nux clears, Kali-br. establishes sleep without terrors. [Dewey], [Clarke]

• Follows well: Belladonna / Stramonium — when violent terrors abate but residual night fear and cough-in-sleep persist. [Hering], [Farrington]

• Precedes well: Bufo / Cuprum — in epileptics where cortical irritability remains after night terrors are quelled. [Farrington]

• Related: Bromium (larynx/glands), Kali-iod. (iodide acne), Hyoscyamus, Stramonium, Coffea, Arsenicum, Selenium, Agnus-c., Zincum, Sulphur — see differentials. [Clarke], [Farrington]

• Antidotes: Nux vomica (drugging, stimulant aggravations), Camphor (drug effects); free skin eruption or perspiration antidotes cerebral symptoms directionally. [Clarke], [Hering]

• Inimicals: None fixed; avoid alternating with Kali-iod. on “acne of salts” alone; always choose by totality. [Kent]

• Night terrors with enuresis and cough-in-sleep — the child coughs yet does not wake; Kali-br. often cuts the sequence when the room is cooled and the child kept well-occupied by day. [Hering], [Allen], [Clarke]

• Adolescent acne (indurated, papulo-pustular) — especially in anxious, insomniac youths with fidgety fingers; eruptions worse heat of bed, better cool air and cold lotions. Surface states often respond to 6X–30C, but for constitutional night-sphere insomnia/anxiety, 30C–200C is preferable. [Clarke], [Boericke], [Phatak]

• Chorea steadied by occupation — the “busy hands better” modality is prescribing gold; warn against idleness, prescribe with cool regimen. [Farrington], [Kent]

• Epilepsy with sexual excess — when seizures follow debility from masturbation or over-indulgence, abstinence plus Kali-br. on totality can restore balance; if genital aura dominates, compare Bufo. [Farrington]

Mind

• Fear—of being pursued; of ghosts—night; wants company — anchors night-terror selection. [Clarke]

• Memory—weak—for names/words; aphasia — bromide cloud of dulness. [Allen], [Hughes]

• Restlessness—hands—constant motion of fingers (“piano-playing”) — keynote fidget. [Hering], [Clarke]

• Better—occupation; worse—idleness — central modality for nervous sphere. [Kent]

• Delusion—someone behind him — night-worse motif. [Clarke]

• Melancholy—after sexual excess; impotence with gloom — sexual-mind link. [Farrington]

Head / Eyes

• Congestion—study at night—agg.; pressure, cool air—amel. [Allen], [Clarke]

• Vertigo—on rising at night; staggering gait. [Hughes]

• Heat—of head—warm room agg.; cool air amel. [Clarke]

• Confusion—after sleepless night; better morning sleep. [Allen]

• Headache—from sun exposure—agg. [Clarke]

• Pupils sluggish; ptosis—nerve fatigue. [Allen], [Hughes]

Sleep

• Night terrors—children—screams, unrecognising, then sleeps again. [Hering], [Clarke]

• Somnambulism—walks in sleep—no recollection. [Hering]

• Insomnia—crowding thoughts, first half of night—worse heat of bed. [Allen]

• Cough—during sleep—without waking — rare confirmatory rubric. [Hering]

• Enuresis—during night terrors—with subsequent calm. [Clarke]

• Better—toward morning—brief refreshing sleep. [Allen]

Respiration / Throat / Chest / Heart

• Laryngismus—fright, grasping at throat—children. [Hering]

• Cough—persists in sleep—patient does not wake. [Hering], [Boericke]

• Hoarseness—nervous—after speaking—night worse. [Boericke]

• Better—cool air; worse—warm room — laryngeal modality. [Clarke]

• Palpitation—fright at night with anxiety. [Clarke]

Skin

• Acne—papulo-pustular, indurated, face/chest/back—worse heat of bed; better cold applications. [Clarke], [Hering]

• Bromoderma—tuberous, ulcerative; suppression → brain symptoms worse (directional law). [Hering]

• Itching slight; tenderness and induration marked. [Boericke]

• Eruptions—worse puberty, menses, sexual excess. [Clarke], [Phatak]

• Sweat—suppressed in warm rooms → nervous symptoms. [Clarke]

Male / Female

• Sexual desire—increased → impotence; emissions with melancholy. [Clarke], [Farrington]

• Nymphomania—puerperal; alternates with stupor. [Hering]

• Epilepsy—after sexual excess—abstinence amel. [Farrington]

Extremities / Generalities

• Trembling—hands—excitement agg.; walking in cool air amel. [Kent]

• Numbness / anaesthesia—after insomnia, bromism. [Hughes]

• Worse—night, heat of bed, idleness. [Clarke], [Kent]

• Better—cool air, cold applications, occupation, company. [Clarke], [Kent]

Hering, C. — The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica (1879–1891): night terrors, cough in sleep, fidgety fingers, suppression of eruptions → brain symptoms.
Allen, T. F. — Encyclopædia of Pure Materia Medica (1874–1879): bromism toxicology; insomnia, aphasia, epilepsy, somnambulism; modalities.
Clarke, J. H. — A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (1900): clinical portrait—fear of pursuit, acne/bromoderma, cough in sleep; relationships and regimen.
Boericke, W. — Pocket Manual of Homœopathic Materia Medica (1901): keynotes—restless hands, insomnia, acne, cough-sleep; laryngeal notes.
Hughes, R. — A Manual of Pharmacodynamics (late 19th c.): crude bromide pharmacology; “bromism” neurologic and cutaneous phenomena informing remedy scope.
Boger, C. M. — Synoptic Key of the Materia Medica (1915): modalities—better occupation, worse idleness; night aggravation; comparisons (Zinc., Brom., Kali-iod.).
Kent, J. T. — Lectures on Homœopathic Materia Medica (1905): miasmatic framing; cortical–skin polarity; occupation modality; differentials with Coffea, Zinc., Sulph.
Farrington, E. A. — Clinical Materia Medica (1890): sexual sphere and epilepsy; chorea soothed by occupation; contrasts with Bufo, Brom., Kali-iod.
Phatak, S. R. — Materia Medica of Homoeopathic Medicines (20th c.): concise confirmations—night terrors, acne at puberty/menses, modalities and relationships.
Nash, E. B. — Leaders in Homœopathic Therapeutics (1899): sequencing with Sulph., Nux-v.; constitutional considerations in acne and insomnia.
Dewey, W. A. — Practical Homœopathic Therapeutics (early 20th c.): insomnia and nervous therapeutics; dosing and regimen suggestions.
Tyler, M. L. — Homœopathic Drug Pictures (20th c.): vivid picture—“ghosts and pursuit,” busy-hands; guidance for children’s night terrors.
Lippe, A. von — Keynotes and Characteristics (late 19th c.): sharp keynotes employed—cough in sleep; fear in the dark; acne-constitution.